Ernst Haeckel: Kawaihae, scientific haʻawina. Haeckel ka makana i ka kālaimeaola

I hoʻolaʻaʻia lā i kona ola a hiki i ke ao ana o ke ano maoli, Ernst Gekkel i ka hailona o discoveries a i kekahi makana nui i ka 'epekema. More 'ikepili ma luna o ' epekema hana o ke nä känaka 'epekema, e loaʻa mai ma hope o kēia' atikala.

Ernst Haeckel: Kawaihae

German poe akeakamai a me ka naturalist Ernst Haeckel i hānau i loko o Potsdam i ka 1834. Ma hope o ua noho mai ke kula kiʻekiʻe ma Mezerburge, oia aʻo lapaʻau, a kūlohelohe sciences ma Pelelina, ke Kulanui o Würzburg. Ph.D. ma zoology ma ke Kulanui o Jena. I ka makahiki 1858, ike koke iho la 'inikua degere.

Ernst Haeckel hōʻike halawai hoihoi i loko o ka microscopic'anatomia a me ka zoology. I ka MH 1859, hoouna aku la oia i ka huakaʻi i Italia, kahi āna i aʻo plankton, ka huahuakai, ilo, wehe i hou ano o radiolarians. Ma ka hoi mai nä känaka 'epekema, ua paʻa i ka oihana o ke Kumu, a laila, hui pu Kumu o Jena University, a aʻo mau aku ai me nā'anatomia.

Mai 1863, heʻeleu nohona a me kaʻepekema hana. He olelo e pili ana i Darwinism, kuu lākou paiia hana, formulate ʻepekema theories. I ka pau ana o ka XIX kenekulia, ke kanaka noiʻi hele ma ka huakaʻi i Aigupita, Algeria, ma ka mokupuni o Madeira, a me Ceylon. Ma hope, kona la e hele i Suria, Corsica, Tenerife, Norway, Gibraltar a me nā wahi, këia lākou wildlife a me ka hana ana i sketches.

I ka 1867, Ernst Haeckel mare Agnes Huschke. Ka mea, i ke keiki kāne, Walter, ke kaikamahine Emma a me Elizabeth. ka wahine a ka make i ka 1915 nui loli i ke ola a me ka maikaʻiʻana o ke nä känaka 'epekema. He make i loko o Germany August 9, 1919.

Research a me Publications

Loaa palapala puka o ke kauka i i pili i ka 'oihana hana o ke nä känaka' epekema. Ma na aoao, kona noiʻi a me ka Outlook hopena i hōʻikeʻia ke kamaʻilio me Charles Darwin. Books Ernst Haeckel hoʻomaka e hoolaha i ka 1866. Kana hana mua ua kapaia "General morphology o meaola." Ma hope o kekahi manawa, i ka puke "Ka Natural History o Creation", kahi āna i hōʻike kākoʻo no ka kumumanaʻo o ka evolution.

I ka 1866, oia 'ano apau loa i hoonui ae i hoʻokolohua o ke biogenetic kānāwai, ua kālaiʻia i kekahi mau makahiki mamua. Ma keia manao, Ernst Haeckel gastraea kūkulu i ke kumumanaʻo e wehewehe i ke kumu o multicellular meaola mai hookahi-aa? Meaola. Manawa a hiki i keia, Haeckel i ikeia ma ka 'epekema koʻikoʻi a hanohano.

I ka 1874, ua paʻi i ka puke "anthropogenic, a me ka mōʻaukala o kanaka? Acaeoey," i loko o ka mea ana i hoomoakaka aku la o kona pähola ma ka kēia intermediary ola ana ma waena o ape a me ka ke kanaka.

Ma ka huakaʻi ma Aferika a me Asia, kakau iho la oia i na hana ma jellyfish, hohonu-kai iʻa, radiolarians, a laila, i hana 'ia e noiʻi ana i kēia mau meaola puke "kahua hoʻonohonohoʻana Phylogeny". kakau iho la Total Ernst Haeckel hana, kekahi o lākou i unuhi i loko o Lūkini ma kahi o 26.

General morphology o meaola

Kekahi hahau, no ka hooulu ana a i i i i nui na makana i Ernst Haeckel - kālaikaiaola. I kona puke mua "General morphology o meaola," nä känaka 'epekema theorizes ma ka pono, e koho i mea like me ka okoa liluwelo ana. E like me ia iā ia, pono e ke kumuhana o ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana i ka' epekema kapa kālaikaiaola ka luna 'keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN ma waena o ka meaola ola, a me ko lakou pili ana me ke kaiapuni.

Ernst Haeckel manaoio aku i ka ka papa kuhikuhi hana o keia hahau o ke ao ana o ke aloha a me ka'okanikaʻole? Aneie rula, a i ke hakuloli i ola meaola. Ma'okanikaʻole ano nä känaka 'epekema maopopo climatic kumumea like me ka malamalama, ka lewa uila, ona mau, wela, a me ka haku mele' ana o ka aina a me ka wai. Ke aloha Haeckel nā mea a pau ano o ka pili ma waena o meaola.

biogenetic kānāwai

Lana ma evolutionary kumumanaʻo, Haeckel ua kālaiʻia i ke kānāwai, i ua i kapaʻia ke kānāwai o Haeckel-Müller. Ua Ua nānā ma luna o ka mea mahuʻi ia i ke kūpono 'ana o ke kanaka meaola ' oe a hana i na kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao ka papa kuhikuhi o kona evolution. Ia mea, ka malama ana i ke kūpono 'ana o ke embryo, ua hiki kumumea i ke kahua maoli o kona ano.

No ka mea manawa mua ia i kekahi kuhiakau i aku Charlz Darvin i loko o ka puke o "ke kumu o ka laha '", akā, ka mea iʻaʻole loa maopopo hoikeia. 1864 Fritz Muller i loko o kona puke "Darwin" wahi a ua mōʻaukala kūpono 'ana i ka lewa ma keʻano o? Acaeoey o ke kanaka. Mau makahiki ma hope, ma muli Haeckel ma luna o lākou iho noiʻi i ka maopopo hoʻomanaʻo o kēia mau manaʻo kapaia biogenetic kānāwai.

Ke kānāwai Ua pinepine hoʻohana i maopopo o Darwin ka kumumanaʻo, eia nae ma keia manawa, ua nui nā kūʻiʻo i ke höʻoia 'kona ho'ōia. No ka laʻana, ma na kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao kakahiaka o ka vertebrate? Acaeoey mea i ka ia. Mea like mālama wale nō i loko o ka hope kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao.

kumumanaʻo gastraea

Ma ke kumu o ke kānāwai biogenetic o Ernst Haeckel hana i ka kumumanaʻo e wehewehe i ke kumu o multicellular meaola mai unicellular. E like me ia, i ka mua multicellular kanaka i mea like me ka gastrula - embryonic palapala, oia no ka papa o waho a me loko keena.

E like me ke kumumanaʻo, he unicellular meaola hoʻomaka 'mahele ia i i ole lūlū aku i ke kaikamahine keena, a hana i ka huhui waina a lākou. Ia hope hoomaka ae la lakou e oko i iaea ooieoeiiaeuiiai a anatomical hiʻona - kekahi kuleana no ka neʻeʻana, kekahi no digestion. Penei, e like me Haeckel ka kumumanaʻo Ua hana multicellular meaola, i i ua kapa gastraea. He hoʻomanaʻo i ka mua coelenterates holoholona.

ka hopena

I loko nō o kona ola, Ernst Haeckel paʻi hana lehulehu, hoʻolauna i loko o 'epekema i nā hua'ōlelo kālaikaiaola, Pithecanthropus, ontogeny a me ka phylogeny. ʻimi ana meaola wildlife kaua kiʻi e kaua, oia loaa oi ma mua o ka haneri? Ueo o radiolarians. Haeckel i waena o nā zoologists mua i loko o Germany, hui ka Darwin ka kumumanaʻo. Kākoʻo i ka kumumanaʻo o ka evolution i loko o kona mau haʻawina,ʻo ia i ho'āʻo e hooholo i ke aupuni o ka holoholona'ōnaehana, ua kālaiʻia i ke biogenetic kānāwai , a me ka pähola 'ana o ke kumu o multicellular meaola.