Alexander, a ka Luna Duke. I ka moolelo o ka Lūkini aupuni a pau

Grand Duke Romanov Alexander Mikhailovich i hanau April 13, 1866 ma Tiflis. Ka hapa nui o kona ola ana, ua pili i ka ulu ana o ka Moana a me Air Max. Keia lala o ka aliʻi i nohoaliʻi ai, hoomanao ae la ko lakou manao, i ke kumuhana, pōkole-ola ana alakaʻi o malina kalepa, a me ka hana i loko o ke au o ka emigration ma hope o ke Kanawai War.

Wā kamaliʻi a me ka adolescence

Na Luna Nui Duke i ke keiki a Mikhail Nikolayevich a me ka moopuna o Emperor Rotehama I. Tsar Alexander III, oia mea he hoahānau. Ka hope Mō'ī, ma Rotehama II ua i kona nui-keiki hanauna. Alexander ka makuahine - Olga Fedorovna - ua he Kelemānia ma ka hanau ana. ʻO ia nō ke kaikamahine o Duke Leopold o Baden.

E like me ke keiki, i ka wā e hiki mai Tsar Rotehama II i kekahi mau hoapili. Kekahi o ia i noʻonoʻo ai i Alexander. Na Luna Nui Duke a me ka hooilina no ka noho aliʻi, ua kokoke i ka hookahi makahiki me ka koena unuhi o ka elua makahiki. Like nui nīnūnē ka poeikohoia o ka Hale o Romanov, Alexander ua wae mai i ka oihana koa 'oihana. He hoʻolālā i loko o ka Hawaii Kauhalenui College, i kona wahi i puka 'o ia i ka 1885. Ke kanaka opiopio i loaa mai i ke ano o ka palapala hopu luna, a huli mai ia e komo i loko o ke kiai. Ke koho i ole accidental. Kiai mea he 'ihiʻihi manuwa hapa o kekahi hapa o ka imperial halepaahao.

World kaapuni kana

I ka 1886, Romanov Aleksandr Mihaylovich hele aku e circumnavigate i ka poepoe honua, e hoʻomaka ana me ka midshipman. Grand Duke palekoki i ka Honua ma bronepalubnom corvette "bele." Ma Christmas Eve, i ka moku i loko o nā kenekoa wai o ka mamao Brazil. Alexander a hiki uku i kūhelu kipa ma Gdańsk Emperor Pedro II. Monarch halawai mai la me ka Lūkini malihini i loko o kona Alpine noho Petropolis, kahi i kali zenith wela hema kauwela. Pono ka mau o ka makahiki, Pedro abdicated, a Brazil lilo i repubalika.

Na Luna Nui Duke i ka holo ana i loko o South Africa. Aiaʻo ia Ua ike lea i ke ola a me ka hana ana o Hōlani mahiʻai. Mai Cape Town, hoomaka ae la ka loihi hoʻololi "Rynda" - i loko o Kēkēmapa. Ka moku lilo i loko o ke kai ma waho 45 lā, a ma ia manawa i kona mau luina i i ike i ka hoʻomaoe hou akulaʻo o kokoke'āina. E like me na memoirs o Alexander Mikhailovich, o kela mea keia lua o ka hale i loko o Kēkēmapa ka Chinatown i ka opiuma lua, ma ka makemake o ka mea laila, mahalo lāʻau.

Kona 21st lā hānau hoahānau laila halawai i ke alii i kona hele ana a hiki i Hong Kong. A laila, ua lilo ma kahi o elua makahiki ma Nagasaki, kahi i hele aku ai i ka holo ana i Inia, Australia a me ka 'âina Pilipino. Ma Japan, ka Grand Duke kipa Gdańsk Auguseto, a hiki aʻo i nā kumu o ke o ka kūloko 'ōlelo. "Rynda" hoi i Europe i loko o ka luawai o ka 1889, ma hope o hele ma ka Suez Canal i loko oʻAigupita. Mua oe i komo i loko o ka hale, me ka Grand Duke kipa i ke keena hookipa o ka Mō'īwahine Victoria, ka mea i Romanov a me ka hoʻokipa, a hiki nae i ka pilikia wā o Pelekāne-Russian hoahanau.

At Alexander Mikhailovich ka mea, he i kona mau moku peʻa "Tamara". Ma ka mea, no hoi i ae la kekahi mau huakaʻi. I ka 1891, "Tamara" kipa India. Mahope o ka huakaʻi Alexander i luna ma luna o ka mea luku "mau maka" I ka 1893,ʻo ia, a me ka squadron hele i North America. Ol ' "Dmitry Donskoy" a me kekahi mau moku Lūkini i hoouna mai ai i ka New World ma ka mea o ka 400th lā hoʻomanaʻo o kona loaʻa ma Columbus.

mare

I ka 1894 ua ka mea, ua Alexander - ka Luna Nui Duke - me ke ano o ka lutanela. Mahope iho o keia paipai 'ana i mare. Alexander a me kana wahine lilo Xenia Alexandrovna. i ke kaikuwahine o Rotehama II kaikaina i ka Luna Nui Duchess ua. Iho la ia i kona wā e hiki mai ke kane mai ka noho 'ana kamaliʻi - mau kipa ia Gatchina, kahi he mau keiki a Alexander III.

Slim lōʻihi anal i ka wale'ōpiopio aloha Xenia. Ka mua o kona mauʻeha, ua hai aku la kona kaikunane ma Rotehama, ka mea i kapaia he hoa Alexander Sandro. Wedding o ka Luna Nui Duke, a Grand Duchess i wahi July 25, 1894 ma Peterhof. nā keiki kāneʻeono, a hoʻokahi kaikamahine (Irina, Andrei, Fedor, Nikita, Dmitri, Rostislav a me Basil) - ehiku keiki i ka hui i.

Mālama no ka Moku

I ka 1891, hoomaka ae la Alexander e hoolaha i ka papa kuhikuhi "Hirama", a lilo loa hanohano Magazine i loko o ka wahi lulu'auwaʻa. I ka hookahi makahiki o kona makuwahine make Olga Fedorovna. Grand Duke uku nui nānā i ka moku'āina o ka Pacific'auwaʻa kaua. I mea e hooikaika ia, Alexander lilo kekahi mau makahiki ma ka makaukau o kekahi kaʻakālai polokalamu o kona mihi. Ka palapala Ua hooku iho la ia ia ma Rotehama II i ka 1895.

Oiai ka Hōʻole akula East ua restless - ma China he mau haunaele, a Japan hoʻomaka koke modernized, a hoomaka ae la e koi i ka inoa o ka papa kuhikuhiE mana i loko o ka māhele 'āina. Ia ma lalo o kēia mau hana aʻu i hana ai Alexander? Grand Duke i manaoia e puka ana mai o ka mea i Japan ua ulu hikiwawe loa, ma neia hope aku hai aku i ke kaua ma luna o Rusia. I kona wā'ōpiopio, oia kana a elua makahiki i loko o ka Land o ka Mele Sun, a iloko o keia manawa ke ike firsthand ka holomua i ka i hele mai i loko o ka pōkole manawa moku aupuni a pau.

Naʻe, Ua kiiia ka Grand Duke ka aʻoaʻo i St. Petersburg ae hookaawale. More kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻe koa a me na hoa o ka nohoaliʻi ai pili i Japan like me ka palupalu enemi, a i ole noonoo i ka pono, e hoomakaukau no ka pilikia kai eʻe. Manawa ua hoike ia ka mea, ua hewa. Aka hoi, o ka polokalamu i loa hookama. Eia hou kekahi, no ka mea, o ka hoa pāonioni e pili ana i ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka'auwaʻa hoi ia ia iho i hoouna pokole Alexander. Na Luna Nui Duke hoi e hana i ka 1898, e lilo ana ka luna ma luna o ka battleship coastguard "General-Adimarala Apraksin".

enekinia, e piʻi like

Service i "Apraksin" Grand Duke i invaluable ka ho'āʻoʻana, i hana i ke kumu no kona mea i manao hana. I ka 1900, ke koa pau sketch seagoing battleship coastguard "Adimarala Butakov". He lilo i rethinking o "Apraksin". Together me Alexander Mikhailovichʻo ia i hana i ka papahana 'lii lunaʻenehana o ka moku i ka awa kapikala Dmitriy Skortsov.

Kekahi hua o ka hana 'enekinia, na hana o ka Luna Nui Duke - he papahana battleship me ka pohupani hale o 14.000 tona. He loaaʻumikumamāono ona mau pūkuniahi. An'ālike pāhana ka poʻe me Alexander Mikhailovich puka 'o ia mai ke kaulanaʻoihana moku lunaʻenehana Vittorio Kunibert. Kēia sketch ua i ke kumu no ka hana ana o na moku o ka papa "Regina Elena". Ke hookaawale iwaena o manaʻo Kunibert a me ka Grand Duke i wale nō i loko o ka mea i ka manaʻo o ka Italia, ma ka Akä naÿe i ka oko a Romanova, ma hope o nā mea a pau, ua hoʻomaopopo.

Ka Aha Kuhina o Kuhina

I ka 1903, iloko o ka Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich hele mai i ka euanelio Palace. He Ua hoʻopiʻi 'ia Hope Adimarala. Prior i ka Luna Nui Duke mau makahiki i ka luna ma luna o ka battleship "Rostislav". Ano, Alexanderʻeleu ma bureaucratic hana. He hele aku la i ka Office o Kalepa moku Aha. Alexander e hoohuli i ke alii, e hoohuli i ka 'oihana. I Nowemapa 1902, i ka 'Aha ua lilo ka General Keʻena Luna o ke Kalepa moku a me na awa, a me maoli - Kuhina.

Ke mastermind a me ka luna o ka 'ili o ka hou oihana i ua iho Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich. Ke Lūkini'auwaʻa i ka pono o ka hookaawale kula i kona oihana pono e hoomalu, manao iho la Romanov. Eia naʻe,ʻaʻohe mea pehea maikaʻi-manao no ia a alakaʻi alii, ka mea, he e maka iki kū'ē mau lawelawe. Ka mea, i ole makemake i kekahi lala o kaʻohana aliʻi intervened i loko o ka hana o ke aupuni. Kokoke i ka Aha Kuhina holoʻokoʻa huli kū'ē iā Alexander Mikhailovich. Kona nā hoapili i hana aku ai ko lakou mau pono, e koi aku i ka Emperor, e hoike mai i ka General noho kia'āina. Kēia i hanaʻia i loko o 1905. Penei, ka Luna Duke a me ke keiki i ole mau makahiki ekolu.

Ke kaua me Japan

C Hekikai o Lūkini-Japanese War, ka Moana o ka Russian aupuni a ke ehuehu o ka hakaka nui. Alexander, ka mea i haawi ia ia i ka hapanui o kona ola ana, i kaʻeleu loa i loko o ia kai eʻe. He i kauoha o ka hana a me ka aʻo kākoʻo moku waiwai ma ka hana manawaleʻa'auwaʻa kaua. A laila ka mea, ai alai ai i komite e hoʻonohonoho i ka ohi ana o donations, e hooikaika i ka oihana koa squadrons.

I ka 1905, ka hahai ana i ka hoʻopau o kana oihana iho, Alexander lilo i ka luna o ka poe o ka pepehi, a me cruisers, koʻu, Komikina'Āina i loko o ka poʻe laau. Ka wā i kū aʻe i ka ninau o ke hoʻouna i ka lua o ka Pacific squadron i na kapakai o ka Hōʻole akula Hikina, i ka Grand Duke i olelo mai e ku e ia keia olelo hooholo, e noonoo pono i moku inadequately makaukau. ma hope o ka pau ana o ka Lūkini-Japanese War nui-makua kāne o ke alii, a hiki, oia i kekahi i loko o ka makaukau o ka papahana a me ka manao, e kūkulu i ka shattered iloko o ka moana kai eʻe.

Adimarala a me ka haipule o ka maunakea

I ka 1909 ka Grand Duke i hope-'akimalala. I ka hookahi makahiki i make ai i kona makua kāne, Mikhail Nikolaevich. Mau makahiki, oia ua i ke kiaaina o ka Caucasus, he 24 makahiki - lunahoomalu o ka State Aha. Mikhail he eono mau keiki, a me Alexander noho hou ma mua o kekahi o kona poe hoahanau a me na kaikuahine.

I ka 1915, ka Grand Duke lilo i'akimalala. Eia naʻe, kona hana i mea e hopohopo nei'auwaʻa ole wale. Alexander i hana i ka hailona no ka hooulu ana o ka lahui aeronautics. Ua ua ma luna o kona Initiative i ka 1910, ua hookumuia oia Sevastopol luna maunakea kula. A, i ka nui-makua kāne o ke aliʻi,ʻo ia ka luna o ka imperial air max. Iloko o ka First World War, ka Grand Duke nānā 'ia ai i ka moku a me ka mokulele.

KeʻOiʻenehana a me ke Kanawai War

Ka Feberuari kipi opa ao ke ola o ka Romanovs a pau hoʻololi. Ua wehe aliʻi 'ohana, mai ka poe kaua. Alexander Mikhailovich i hoʻokuʻu mai ka hana, oiai e malama ana i kaʻaʻahu. Na wahi aupuni, ua ae aku la ia ia e noho i loko o kona mau Crimean waiwai. Paha wale nō ka 'eleu neʻe aku i ka hema hoopakele kamaaina wau Romanova. A me ia i loko o ka Crimea neʻe Xenia Alexandrovna a me kā lākou mau keiki.

Alexander i haʻalele Rusia a hiki i ka hope loa. Iloko o ke Kanawai War Crimea kekahi mau manawa i hala mai ka lima a he lima. I ka mana ma luna o ka Peninsula hoʻoneʻe manawa i ka Bolsheviks, ka Romanovs poe ma ka puʻumake. A laila, Crimea hele mai ma lalo o Kelemāniaʻoihana. Ma hope iho o ka malu o Brest kona paa loa ma ka'āina'ē allies o ka Entente White. A ia Alexander a me kona 'ohana nō e haʻalele Rusia. Ma December 1918, hele aku la ia ma luna o kekahi moku Pelekāne, no Farani.

emigration

Ma Paris, Alexander lilo i lâlâ o ka Lūkini kālai'āina ke anaina kanaka. Kēia 'ole i hoʻokumu Soviet? Eia mau hoa paio ma ka mea e ho i ka pono o kona aupuni ma ka Versaillesʻaha kūkā. I ka pau ana o 1918 ka mea i pau ai i ka First World War, a, ano, i ka Hōkū o ke aupuni Ka hele ana e hoʻoholo i ka hopena oʻEulopa. Rusia, i mua o ka Bolsheviks hiki i ka mana pololei hana i ko lakou pono i ka Entente, Ua nele o ka hoohalike ai i loko o Versailles no ka malu kaawale me Germany. Poe kokua o ke keʻokeʻo neʻeʻana ho'āʻo e hopu i ka hae hāʻule mai, akā, i ole no kuʻu kaumaha. Alexander iho hoʻohana i kona waiwai, e koi aku i na mana e hookahuli i ka Bolsheviks, akā,ʻaʻohe mea.

Ho'āʻo 'o ia i nā meaʻeʻe moku, e like me kou ike ana, aole hoi i ole no kuʻu kaumaha. Mawaena o ka nui Grand Duke hele i Europa, me ka manao e koke hoʻi ka hale. He ua lōʻihi ia mai i he kanaka elemakule, nei hehi maluna o ka paepae puka o kanalima makahiki, a ua nana nae lakou imua i ka maikaʻi wā e hiki mai. Eia naʻe, e like me ka keʻokeʻo nā meaʻeʻe moku, Alexander, a koe ia a hiki i kona make ana ma ka aina e. Kona wahi o ka noho wae iho la oia France.

Na Luna Nui Duke i he lâlâ 'o ia he nui immigrant a papa hana. He noho ka Union o Lūkini koa pailota, a i kekahi i loko o nā hana kūkulu i Petrom Vrangelem Russian Koa Union. Romanov kōkua nui na keiki i loko o ke pioʻana i loko o ka loa kūlana kūpilikiʻi.

Na makahiki hope o ke ola ana o ka hoahānau o Rotehama II hele aku la i ka hana o ko lākou mau memoirs. I paiia palapala Memories o ka Luna Nui Duke Alexander Mikhailovich ( "Book o Memories") i paʻiʻia ma ka makahiki 1933 ma ka Paris hoʻopuka. Ka mea kākau make koke ma hope o keʻano o kāna hana i loko o ka waihona waiwai. He make ma Pepeluali 26, 1933 ma ka kūlanakauhale e akoakoa ai o Roquebrune ma ka Côte d'Azur. Alpes-Maritimes, a lilo i ka ilina wahi o ka i koe iho o ka wahine o Grand Duke Xenia Alexandrovna. I ua ola ma kāna kāne o ka 27 makahiki, make iho la April 20, 1960 ma ka Beritania Windsor.

Memoirs o ka Luna Nui Duke Alexander Mikhailovich i keia la e hoihoi 'kia a puni i ka manawa o ka aina o ka mōʻaukala. Ma hope iho o ka haule ana o ka communism, i ka hoomanao ana o ka Romanov ma ka hale, e like me na mea he nui nā 'elele o ka alii i nohoaliʻi ai, i hope hoihoi. I ka 2012, ma St. Petersburg ka mea, ua he keleawe bust. mea kākau o ka kia lilo i sculptor a me ka lālā o ka Presidium o ka Russian Halau o Arts Albert Charkin.