Chloroplast - he lāʻau aeea organelle

Chloroplast - keia mea kekahi o ka loa halepaahao organelles. Ua hāpai mai ka kaʻina nui o planetary manaʻo nui - kāʻamaʻai.

Ka pono 'ole o ka manao dvuhmembrannyh organelles

Kēlā me kēia organelle ninoieo o kaʻilikai i hoʻomākaukauʻia, a me ka na maʻiʻo. Chloroplasts a me mitochondria i nā hale o ka prokaryotic aeea - meaola me ka nucleus. Ka ili o kēia mau organelles i hoʻomākaukauʻia he o membranes mau hoʻokaʻawaleʻia ma ka makahiki hookahi. Spatially a anatomically ka mea, e ole ua hoʻopili i nā mall māhele o ka keena a me ka pae'āina ma ka ikehu pūnao. Mitochondria i organelles loa laha 'o fungi, mea kanu a me nā holoholona. Ka mea, e malama aku no ka ATP hoʻololi kemikala - he waiwai a mea heʻano o ka ikehu no? Aeee. Chloroplast - ia i dvuhmembrannaya organelle, a e pili ana i ka pae ana o plastids.

Aʻano o ka plastid

Ma na keena o ka noho ana meaola, he ekolu ano o plastids. He chloroplasts, chromoplasts a me leucoplasts. Ka mea, oko ke kala, mall hiʻona a me ka hana. Chloroplast - he plastid 'ōmaʻomaʻo, i loaʻa ka chlorophyll pigment. ʻOiai ka mea, Ua pinepine ku pono i ke alo o nā make, ka mea hiki eʻeleʻele, a me ka ulaula. No ka laʻana, i loko o nā aeea līoho. Ka poʻe chromoplasts manawa colorless. Lākou ka papa kuhikuhi hana - o ka pūnaewele o ka māhuaola. No laila, ma ka uala tubers loaʻa pia. Chromoplasts - plastids ua ka carotenoid pigments. Ka mea, e haawi aku ana i nā pōpō i wahi likeʻole o ka mea kanu. Brightly nā pōpō aʻa o carrots a me beets, pua petals mea i ka luku ana mamuli o keia.

Plastids hiki e hoopahaohao. Initially ka mea, e ala mai aeee hoʻonaʻauao'aʻaʻa i nā vesicles uuku hoʻopuniʻia e nā membranes. Ma ke alo o ka poe ikehu e hoohuliia mai i loko o chloroplasts. Me ka poe oo hoi, na lau a me anei o ka chlorophyll hoʻomaka e uhai ia. E like me ka hopena, ua lilo iho'ōmaʻomaʻo plastids i chromoplasts.

E hāʻawi mai iā mākou i kekahi mau hou examples. Ua noa i ike ai ia i loko o ka Akuma ka lau loli waihoʻoluʻu. O ke kumu ho i ka mea i na chloroplasts i lilo iho i loko oʻulaʻula, he lenalena, bardovye plastids. Ka ia hou 'ia lŘlŘ i ka hua oo ana. Ma o ka malamalama o kaʻuala tubers huli uliuli a pau: ma ka leucoplasts hoʻomaka e lilo chlorophyll. I ka hope loa kahua o ka? Acaeoey o na plastids e chromoplasts me ka mea e ole lilo nāʻano o nā 'ano like nā hale.

He aha nā pigments?

Kala like 'ole, hana a me ka' ole o ka chloroplast aie a hiki i ke alo o kekahi mau waiwai - pigments. By ano ka mea, i ke aloha i huiʻia, 'ia nā pōpō wahi likeʻole o ka mea kanu. Chlorophylls i ka loa, he pono ole o ia. Ka mea i loaʻa i loko o na keena o ka līoho, a kiekie ae kanu. Ma ke ano maoli, carotenoids i kekahi pinepine i loaʻa. Ka mea i loaʻa i loko o ka hapanui pono-ike i na mea ola a pau hoi. Ma kekahi, a pau mea kanu, kekahi laha 'o microorganisms, nā mea kolo, ka iʻa a me na manu. Eia hou, ka mea, e haawi mai ke kala ana i na kino likeʻole, carotenoids nō i ka papa kuhikuhiE pilikia makapō pigments, ina he pilikia makapō a me ka waihoʻoluʻu pokole.

Ka 'ole o kaʻili lahilahi

Plant chloroplasts i ka papaluaʻili lahilahi. Eia hoʻi, he ala apuupuu mawaho. A na pepa excrescences. Ka mea, i kauohaia i loko o ka maʻiʻo o ka chloroplast, i kapaʻia ka stroma. Mai ka pāʻili lahilahi nakinaki aku la ia hale a me kona poe - thylakoids. Visually, ka mea, ua i lalo odnomembrannye pahu. Ka mea, hiki ke waiho singly a akoakoa ma ka puʻu o ka 5-20 apana. Ka mea, i kapaʻia grana. Manaʻo ma luna o nā hale thylakoid pigments. I ka papa kuhikuhiE poe i na chlorophylls a me carotenoids hana i ke kūlana i kākoʻo 'ia. Ka mea, e pono no ka kāʻamaʻai. Ke stroma no hoi iloko ona i kakauia he lātoma o ka DNA a me ka RNA, ai pia, a me ka ribosome.

Nā hana o chloroplasts

O ka papa kuhikuhi hana o ka uliuli plastids - hoʻololi kemikala o ke aloha 'ona mai'okanikaʻole no a hiki i ka malamalama ikehu. Kona huahana mea he polysaccharide o ka monakō koko a me ka oxygen. Me keia kinoea hanu hoʻokō 'ana o nā mea ma ka Honua ka mea makemake e hiki ole. Kēia 'o ia hoʻi i kāʻamaʻai mea he vitally nui kaʻina o planetary manaʻo nui.

Ka 'ole o ka chloroplast hualoaʻa i loko o kona'ē aʻe i hana'. Ma kaʻili lahilahi o ka plastid ia lŘlŘ ATP hoʻololi kemikala. I ka waiwai o kēia kaʻina moe i loko o ka hoʻomāhuahua a me ka pūnaewele o ka kekahi nui o ka ikaika. Kēia ia lŘlŘ i ka hanana o ke ano? Aneie rula: i ka alo o ka lawa ka wai, poe ikehuʻai. I loko o ka papa o ka mea nui keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ka ATP ua pipili, e hookuu i kekahi dala o ka ikehu. Ua Ua hoopau i ka manaʻo o ka ulu, kūpono 'ana, ana, nā'ōlelo, a me nā pōʻino keʻano o ka hanaʻana. chloroplast oihana i kekahi i loko o ka mea ana i loko o kekahi o kēia mau plastids i synthesized lipids,ʻili lahilahi nā polokina a me nā'ūhū limahana ma kāʻamaʻai.

Meaning kāʻamaʻai

Chloroplast - He loulou ma waena o nā mea kanu a me ke kaiapuni. E like me ka hopena o ke kāʻamaʻai ia lŘlŘ ole wale ho okumu o ka oxygen, akā, i ka pōʻaiapuni o ke kalapona ma ke ano maoli, hydrogen, ka malama ana i ka ikaika haku mele 'ana o ka lewa. Kēia kaʻina hoʻohaiki ana i ka lehulehu o ke kalapona'okikene lua, ke'ī mai hikiʻole i ka hoʻomehana honua, overheating o ka honua ka luna, a me ka make ana o na mea he nui e ola ana mea ma luna o ka Honua. Plastids chloroplasts, i nā organelles o aeee lawe mai nui oihana, i maopopo ai i ke ola ana o ke ola ma ka Honua.