Clavicle: Auhea ka'anatomia, ho'āʻo, 'ole

Home pono o ke kanaka - ua hele pololei. Ua lilo i mea hiki no i ke kumu kahua o nā loli i loko o ka'ōnaehana o ke kākoʻo a me ka neʻeʻana, i ka loaʻa o ka iwi a me nāʻiʻo. kona a pau oihana i ka mea e pono iaea ooieoeiiaeuiiai ka hoʻololiʻana i ka vertical kulana o ke kino. Ua alakai aku ai i ke kala ana o ka luna lala e komo i loko o ka neʻeʻana o ke kino a me kona inclusion ma acee? Iuo oeiia o physical aayoaeuiinoe: ka mālama a me ka kūlike loa manipulation o ka mea a me na mea paahana, manaʻo o hoʻokahi wale nō kanaka hana. Illustrative examples o ia nō ka hiki ke kākau, e pāʻani bila, HW, humuhumu, ua hui, a no laila, ma luna o. D.

Ma keia 'atikala mākou, e kālele ana ma luna o nā hiʻona o ka' ole o ke kāʻei o ka luna lala, i ka loaʻa o ke kōmi 'a me ka collarbone. Where mea, mea i hana 'ia hanaʻia kona kūlana ma ka musculoskeletal oihana o ke kanaka?

Location o ka clavicle i loko o ke kanaka iwi

Iwi, hapa o ke kāʻei o ka luna lala ua pili me ka sternum Via sternoclavicular ami. Ke kīloi paʻewa hapa o ka clavicle pili me ka'ūhā mua maka - acromion. Ma keia wahi, i ka iwi i ka bumpy, hoʻonaninani ili no ka mau nō IeIIeYOA poʻohiwi Muscle ligament i hoʻomākaukauʻia ka hoʻohana 'ana i ke kahua. I ka maikaʻi nō ia me ka mea i like me ka collarbone, noonoo i ka 'ole o kekahi o na pauku o ka musculoskeletal'ōnaehana - mauka lala kaei.

Clavicle me kekahi hapa o ke keena lala kaei

E kahiko iho iwi i pili i nā māhele o ke kino, ma ka mea kanaka iwi i ka kūikawā Oihana, oia hoi o ka hui kaulua iwi - triangular ke kōmi 'a me ka collarbone. E like me ka hapa o kona kino i ka poohiwi kaei, a me ka clavicle, ua i vertebrates, mai ka poeikohoia o ka superclass Pisces. Ua ua hala loa maikaʻi hoʻomohala i mammals e hana lākou mau forelimbs ma ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻopaʻa pio, a me ka hele brachiation ala (e like, gibbons). E noonoo hou, i kahi o keia ka collarbone, a ia hapa o ke kino. Ka mea, i ke ano o ka he Roma palapala S, e pili kona kipi hapa o ka sternum, a me ka mawaho - he Oopalau la, no ka ikaika o kēia mau wahi ikaika ami ligaments.

I ka manawa o ka vertical neʻeʻana o ka'ūhā mua iwi ke ka ao ma kona iho (axis) e like me ka kī i loko o ka Sol Hoopii, ma keia hope aku i ka inoa - ka collarbone. Next hooki aku ma luna o kona oihana ma ke kino.

Ke kūlana o nā iwi o nā luna lala i loko o ke kāʻei kākoʻo'ōnaehana a kalepa ae la lakou

Mua, ua hōʻike 'mākou i loko o ka kanaka iwi, ma ka collarbone. Anatomically, ka mea, ua pili no ka maka, a me ka breastbone, ina he kākoʻo ma i ua luna o ka humerus. Ka 'ole o ia i ka hui-une lōhai pono maoli ka ikaika hawewe o ka neʻe' ana o ka lima. Ke clavicle lawelawe 'ana me ka rallying wahi ma ke ÿano hana o ke keena welau a hiki i ka pahu a me ka spine. No ka mea, ua pili kekahiʻano nui nāʻiʻo i hula kūlana nā kūpaʻa a me ka hōʻeuʻeu. Anatomia o ka clavicle, me ka mana i mea hoʻomaopop 'ana i, ka hoʻopiʻi kuhikuhi maloko' ole. Mākou i lawe i ka nana aku ma ia i loko o aku au mamuli.

Histogenesis iwi

Ma embryonic? Acaeoey au o embryonic, ahu iho i hana haumāna aeeaʻAno e like me fibroblasts, chondroblasts a me osteoblasts. No ia e hou aku hoʻomōhala ia'aʻaʻa ho okumu i nā loko o ka musculoskeletal oihana, e like me connective, cartilage a me ka iwi. E pane i ka nīnau: He aha ka ka collarbone ma ka olelo o na 'ole, e hoomanao i ka loaʻa nā iwi i ua kapaia hui pū i loko o ke kanaka iwi. Ka mea i hanaʻia ma ka oihana mua me kekahi mau kêia kanaka. No ka laʻana, ka mea clavicle ua hana ma ka hapa, mai ka connective'aʻaʻa, osteogenesis pū i hiki ole ho okumu ana o cartilage, ma ka hapa, no ka chondrocytes, i hoʻomaopopo ai i ke kaʻina o ka ossification.

I nāʻiʻo i pili i ka kāʻei o ka luna lala

All kino neʻe i lawe mai i loko o ka E Ala E ho'āʻo pono iwi o ka iwi a me nāʻiʻo, ligaments pili ia ia. No laila, e hoʻonoho ma ka noi o ka luna koʻo ikaika ma ka poohiwi hui, deltoid Muscle ua hoemiia. E mākou hoomanao kahi o ka collarbone i loko o kekahi kanaka, a hooholo kona kūlana i loko o ka neʻeʻana o nā lima. He mea i ka luna a me ke alo kapa o ka iwi, hapa o ke kāʻei o ka keena lala, pili deltoid. I ka hope loa o ka clavicle hoʻohana trapezoidal a conical trapezoid ligaments hui a me ka sternocleidomastoid Muscle.

Ka mua o kēia mau statically paa ka luna hoʻi ma ka pololei kulana, i ka lua o ka hoʻolako i ka pā, a k'ki i ke poo, a hiki ke komo i loko o ka naehana neʻe.

Pehea o ke kahua o ka clavicle ma embryogenesis

maopopo i maopopo mea i ka collarbone, noonoo i keʻano papa hana o ka lepe iwi. I ka ho okumu ana o ka iwi i loko o ka embryo hoʻomaka me 5-6 pule o fetal? Acaeoey, a me ka mea i ke kaʻina o ka ossification. A me ka mea mua iwi i ka hana ma ka osteogenesis - ka collarbone. I e ia i kekahi o ka hope maopopo hanaia, nona ka ossification mau mai i ka 21 makahiki o ke kanaka ola. Kona helehelena hoʻomaka me unification kiʻekiʻe germinal ke kelepona hele, ahu iho i loko o ka pūʻulu pili me ka anatomically capillaries embryo.

I ka mahele a me ka differentiation o iniiaiie mesenchymal keena welau a me ka helehelena o ka olona, oia hoi o fibroblasts. A laila, e loaa i loko o ko lākou haku mele 'ana kollagenopodobnoe waiwai - osseomukoid, a lawe i ke kino o ke olona. A puni ia, aia no na osteoblasts - iniiaiie keena o ka iwi'aʻaʻa hoʻomaka e paka nā minelala hao. Fibrous kaula impregnated me ka paʻakai, lilo elasticity a liloʻoʻoleʻa. Hana oʻo iwi keena a me capillaries puni iwi papa, me ke ano o ka concentric apo a me nā paukūʻolokaʻa. Ka mawaho ahu iho la ka fibroblasts iho i loko o ka periosteum e uhi ana i ka collarbone.

Pathology o na iwi o ke keena lala kaei

Ua ho'ākāka 'ia mākou i collarbone, a pehea ka mea, ua hua mai la i ka embryonic kūpono' ana o ke kanaka. Nā anomalies ana aie i na clavicles hoʻohuikau osteogenesis i loko o ka embryo, a kena ae la kanaka aaiaoe predisposition.

No laila, hypoplasia, i mea symptoms o underdevelopment a kaawale o ka clavicle i loko o ka haku mele 'ana o ke keena lala kaei, ke kina mea pono i ka'ōewe ke aupuni' o autosomes, a eia i loko o ka Hoʻohaku moku'āina. Oia hoʻohuikau like traumatic clavicular dysostosis hoikeia abnormalities lehalehu, a cranial pauku, a ua hele pu me ia e pathological ka hoʻoneʻe kōmi 'ana a me nā clavicles, a me dislocations ma ka acromioclavicular ami. Muli o kona kulana pinepine, luna lālā kaei pathology i kākau pū me nā kāna hana i loko o ka iwi 'ole, e like me ia ma Goltz maʻi pale abnormalities ma dentition? Acaeoey, oi melanin hoʻololi kemikala a trophic ili lesions hui me hypoplasia o na clavicles.

Ma keia 'atikala, ua nānā' o ka 'ole, hana, a hiki pathology o ka clavicle, i ka hapa o ka kāʻei o ka luna lala o na kanaka iwi.