Dmitrov Porcelain hola: mōʻaukala, kauoha, modernity

Ma ka mea maʻamau o ke ola ana o Lūkini porcelain i hoʻolaunaʻaha lima o Peter I., malalo kona noho aliʻiʻana, i laweia mai i kona mau kīʻaha, mai Europa, i loaʻa ka mea makemake ua waiwai wale nō kanaka. A iki ma hope, porcelain e puhi ia i hōʻike mai iā ia e like me ka haawina waiwai. Ma hope o Kina, i ka loa waiwai ua Europa, ahi (Sevres, Meysensy) no ko lakou kuai ana, ua lilo nunui dala o ke kala, i ua ihola ia manaʻo. I ka 1744 Empress Elizabeth kauoha aku e kūkulu i kekahi "Porcelain Manufactory" kokoke St. Petersburg, e like me ke au o Lūkini porcelain. Dmitrov Porcelain hola i mōʻaukala like me ka mua ponoi hola.

Manuela Gardner a me ka hoouku hakahaka

No ka lōʻihi manawa ka porcelain? Iecaianoaaiiie ua wale nō i loko o ka moku'āina mana, akā, he mea mau he malū mea e makemake e paʻi ina oe e ole, alaila, e ka poe mō'ī hana. I ka 1766 ka Pelekāne Frants Yakovlevich Gardner, ma ke kumu o nei Urusova hola e hamama ana kona mau mea kanu. Ka mea nui wale no hana i entrepreneur i ka makemake e paʻi me na specimen Europa o porcelain, a kipaku iā lākou, mai ka mea kuai, ke kūapoʻana i nā wahi lulu kona mea e like me nā huahana. Olelo ana i loko o ke kālā no rhetoric, ua hoʻoholo i ka "importozamestit" Europa, waiwai, a me ka ho'āʻo 'ana o ua holomua.

No ka hui ana o ka hana i loko o ka mua kahi i koi 'ia heʻiʻo maka nō mea, a me Gardner, oia holoholo mākou i kokoke i ka anai aupuni, loaʻa i ka lepo e waiho i loko o Chernihiv (Little Rusia). E hana promashek, aʻaʻole reinvent i ka huila, unuhi ae la ia i ka mea akamai - Manuela Gattenberga (Ke Kulanui o Geneva Kumu). A ka mea, hele aku la no laila, pono ia mai ka 1777 a hiki i 1783 ma ka hola i hookuu eha mekala no ka hana o Empress Ana II, a ua hoike aku la ia ia. Ka hoao ana i ka pomaikai, ka mea nana o ka hola kipa i ke kiekie loa hoolohe ana i loko o ke aliʻi hale, ma hope i kona i kuleana e waiho i ka hahi me ke kiʻi o ke kapa ana o na mea kaua o Moscow, a ua akin i ka mea e like ai mark.

holomua pāʻoihana

Manuela Gardner, a me ka apana waiwai, ua hemo aku nuipa a? Iecaianoaaiiuo o porcelain tableware. Nā hana mua i unuhiia mai ka poe akamai i Europa, a me ka 'ike loea, ka helu kaulana Meissen. Russian porcelain mea,ʻaʻole nui okoa mai ka 'Eulopa i ka pono a me ka noʻeau hana, akā, no ka uku ua nui aku affordable.

Rusia i aloha kuaiia huahana hola a me ka pomaikai, e kuai i ka poe hiki ole ke hoʻolimalima i ka iʻEulopa Manufacturers. I ka 1771, e pili ana i kanahiku poe hana, ua mau lakou ma ka manufacturing, a ua maalahi loa ko lakou helu i loko o 10 makahiki. All jobs in i noho ma ka Lūkini poe akamai, wale mālama 'ana i ka artist a me ka ua, ua hookuu mai kahi'ē.

Manuela Gardner ua hiki ke loaʻa i kona kaila iho i loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o porcelain, ka helu o nā Eia kekahi laʻana o ka hoike ana i loko o ka haneri. Ma waho aʻeo ia na kona mau kīʻahaʻaneʻi i nininiʻia, a pena porcelain Salon kū hoʻokahi sculptures, nā kākau o ka i i loa-ikeia Artists.

I Kuznetsovsk kaiaulu

i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ka make ma hope, Dmitrov porcelain hola i noʻonoʻo pono i nā mea maikaʻi o nā mea a pau a pilikino Lūkini nā hale hana. Ua lawe ia ka hihia ma i ka hooilina: he pōkole manawa ma mua o kona make ana, i hana ai ka poʻe i loko o ka makahiapo o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā, a laila, i kana wahine. Ma kona mau lima i ka hola ua lilo aneane a pau o kona wahi, akā, ma hope o ka hihia i kana mau keiki, i ola ae la ia i ka? Iecaianoaaiiie. Ua Ua E ke Kumu manufacturing enehana earthenware. I ka 1829, gula? Iecaianoaaiiuo ua loaa ka First Lolina Exhibition. I ka 1855 loaa aku la ia i ka pono e hana me nā huahana, e kau ma luna o ka lehulehu stigma o papalua-hina aeto.

Iloko o ka mea a pau i kekahi o ka mai ana a hiki i ka imperial hale ma waho o ka 19th kenekulia Dmitrov Porcelain hola hōʻoia ana i ka pono o nā huahana i kuai E hoike mai, mai 1856. I ka pau ana o ke kenekulia na hooilina kuai lilo aku la i ka poe Matvey Kuznetsov. He kuai ole wale? Iecaianoaaiiuo iiiauaiee akā, i ka nui ohi ana i nā kinona, lauana a me Classic garderovskih Nails.

Kuznetsovsky manawa

Dmitrov Porcelain hola (Verbilki), loaa ae magnate Kuznetsova me kekahi mau mae nani, akā, me ka paa huli. Ma ka manawa o ka 'āpana o ka hola he waiwai 208 tausani rubles o ka makahiki, a me ka helu o nā hana hou ma mua o 700 mau uhane. Kuznetsov hoʻohana a pau o kona ili ka waiwai, a me ka kenekulia, a me ka hapalua o ka moolelo, no ka piha hou ana o kona nani.

Ka mea i hoʻonui i ka Customer kumu i ua loa hookoeia mai, i ke aloha a hiki i ka poʻe naʻauao olelo hooholo, e hana i ka momoku ahi o Dmitrov mea kanu ma luna o nā mea a pau me nā huahana. Ka mea hou mea nāna i makemake ole e hou i ka laulā o nā huahana i pau i paa io. Ka helu o nā 'ikamu o ka waiwai he nui ma mua o 4 miliona huahelu o ka hanohano mau kīʻaha a me nā figurines. Anniversaries ma ke kanu hōʻailona i ke kala o mikanele hoiliili ole. No laila, ka mea i hoailonaia 100th lā hoʻomanaʻo o ke kaua o Borodino, ka 300th lā hoʻomanaʻo o ka noho alii ana o ka Romanovs.

Soviet porcelain

Ma hope o nationalization, hana i kauoha aku ike like me ka Dmitrov Porcelain hola. Ma ke kia-hoʻokahuli aupuni wā auaiaea hoole mai me ka nui loa, a me ka mea a ua hua mai la, Ua nonoi hoʻonaniʻia me decals (decal) a poe propaganda 'atikala.

Loa kaulana, i ka 1930, ua loaa au i ka hana Dmitrov Porcelain "Humpbacked Holo Malie" o ka mea kanu, e like me nā hana e loea sculptor SM Orlov palaki Iloko o ka Nui Patriotic Kaua porcelain hoʻokuʻu ua hoʻemi me ka nui loa, akā, i ia i ka wā e'ālohilohi hana. hana "Kaua no ka Motherland" (ma ka A. Chechulina), kuu ae i ka lākou o nā kiʻi me ka nui pūkaua "Suvorov", "Alexander Nevsky", "Kutuzov", nā pūʻulu me ke kiʻi o ka Soviet koa alakaʻi hoʻolilo 'ia' (auth. Demorrey T.) i hanaia.

kēia? iecaianoaaiiuo

I ka makahiki 1991 Dimitrov porcelain hola lilo i kumukuai poe, i ka kūhelu inoa: CJSC "Porcelain Verbilok". Mai 1995, i ka pae'ōnaehana nāʻaha hui iho i 'kaʻohiʻana Verbilok ". Ke hou hale aaieieno? A me ke kookoo i'ō i hou o ka mooolelo waiho iho la ma na Mamua o ka mea kanu.

I ka makahiki 1996, i ka poʻe i loaa waiwai pio: i hoʻonohonoho 'nā hōʻike ma Paminahama, e like me ia ma Mexico. Mai 2007, i ka mea kanu e pau ai kona huahana i ka Kremlin i hapa o wale nô ma kaʻahahui o Purveyors. Ka poe ua manawa kapaia "Gardner Manufactory", akā, no ka nui loa aku kama'āina me ka inoa kahiko o Dmitrov porcelain hola. Products hua mai la i kekahi mau collectible laina.

Collection "Frants Gardner" ho'āla anei lākou i kuʻuna pepa makahiki 19-20 porcelain. Company kupua paha i like na palapalaia maluna penei ma ka makana 'ikamu (kī hui, e puhi ia, figurines). Nō hoʻi i loaʻa i loko o ka ohana kona mau kīʻaha ma i Artists kākau 'ohana kulana, monogram paha i koho kumu. Ka poe produces e puhi ia no kekahi hana, kī a me ka kope hui, no ka hua, vases, na kamalii ka e puhi ia.