I-180 (ALOHA HAWAII): ka mōʻaukala o ka mokulele, i ka make ana o Valery Chkalov

Pelane-180 (ikaika a me Bombers)? Ac? Ma OKB Polikarpov. Ma ia manawa ka mea, i maikaʻi mahuka ano, hiki lawe ma luna o ka moku 200 kg pōkā pahū a i lako pono me ka eha synchronously ae hoʻolele pū.

Mōʻaukala o ka hanaia'na

Ka pono-ike Soviet akamai Nikolay Nikolaevich Polikarpov aole noho iho la ilaila. He maopopo hoʻomaopopo pū mea e me ka nui loa hoʻoikaika holoʻikepili nele i ka ikaika engine. Kinai-monoplane au-16, hoʻomohalaʻia e ia i loko o 1932, a ua ma ka hana o ka Soviet Air Max, ma hope o 5 makahiki hou halawai kēia e pono ai.

Polikarpov, i ka 1936, e manaʻo e pili ana pehea e hana i nā loli nui o ka I-16 i ka waihona ipu engine M-62 i hoomaka ai. Akā,ʻo ia i lawe mai i kēia manaʻo, e like me ka wa Zaporozhye kanu helu 29, hookupaaia e ho'āla hou kiko'ī M-88, i loaa i ka 'auhau nui kokoke i ka makemake. Penei, he papahana I-164 a me 165. I ka Ia manawa ka hoʻohewa hola i kauoha e kūkulu i kekahi ee iaaanu aey kona nui propeller. I loko nō o kēia, i ka laila, ke poo o ka Air Max i ole hōʻike i ka iki hoihoi i loko o ka mokulele. Nolaila, ua he hoʻoholo 'ana ma luna o ka manao o kekahi kinai.

Ka hou mokulele

Polikarpov Design Buro hoʻomaka ke hoʻololi i. Ka hou 'ana i koho I-180. Ke kinai ua mākaukau ma Pepeluali 1938 au pono aku nei au i ka nui o ka manao o ka I-180 Ua nui e like me ka I-16, akā, ua iki nui ma ka nui. Initially ka mea, oaony iai? Oaiaaou mokulele me ka eha synchronously ae hoʻolele pū, a me ka hope e puku ia a nui caliber nunui.

Ma hope iho o ka hoolilo ana o OKB Polikarpov, ke kanu helu 156 ua ka adverse kulana, a aole e hoʻonui ai i ka pono a me ka kokololio? Iecaianoaaiiuo o ke koi 'ia wahi. Ka mea i mua o kēia hanaʻano nui komo i loko o ke kala o ka nui mokulele, a ano ka mea, he ai i urgently hoʻomōhala 'ike loea e paka hou malamalama kinai.

Ka mua ole

Release o kēia mīkini ka mea, ua i loko o ka uku ole o ke Aliʻi Belyaykin'ōnaehana. Au pono aku nei au i ia mau wikiwiki e hoʻopau i ke anaina kanaka o na kanaka e like me ka 'āwīwī i hiki, a he mau manawa, i ka wa ia a hiki intervened' ana i loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie kaʻina. Mau hana ua i ke keu nervousness ma hope me ka Buro, a o ka mea kanu me ka a pau. A nui na makana i ka hoʻonui o ka hana, a i ka luna hoʻokele o ka poe MA Usachev. Nolaila, i kūkuluʻia ai ka mokulele i loko o November 1938

I kakahiaka December, ka mīkini Ua pono nānā 'ia ai, ma hope i kona ike, aole oi, aole hoi e emi mai, a me na mea a pau 190 mā (!), 40 o i i loaʻa i loko o motooborudovanii. Akā, me ka ai he nui flaws, a ua hookuu ia ma I-180. Kinai nō ia a hiki i ka Airfield, ma hope o ke kāpaeʻana i loko o ka pōʻeleʻele loa, loa no ia.

Au pono aku nei au i ka poʻe akamai lākou iho warplanes , ua mau loa ikepili koʻikoʻi, a koi e pili ana i kā lākou mau hana, eia ka mea, oi ma mua o kekahi mea'ē aʻe, i ke kumu kūʻai o he oaoieei-hewa. I mea no ke aha la Polikarpov me ia i hiki ikaika e ku e wikiwiki i ka makaukau ana o kā lākou poʻe keiki, a hiki i ka hoao mua, no ka i ka mea i kaulia ana mai no hoi ia hana.

ona coincidence

Winter 1938 Valeriya Pavlovicha Chkalova urgently hoʻomanaʻo mai ka hoomaha. I: hoao i ka hou mokulele-180. Kinai? Oaony e hoao December 15, akā, i kona mua jog paʻa i nā lāʻekolu mamua. Ua hōʻike 'o ka helu o nā mā, a me haki i loaʻa a me ka traction hoʻoholo Gaza. Pilikia Wehewehe i nā hāʻina, a me ka lā o ka lele mua koe ua hoʻololiʻia. Ma okoʻa no ka manawa, puka Tchkalov Ua aoia mai no ia e lele ma luna o ka Airfield i 600 ka m no 10-15 minuke a me ka aina, me ka wehe i ke kaʻa, a hoi lakou nei i ka Laka i ka ia Eva.

Au pono aku nei au i mua ia fateful lā i loko o Moscow he mau pule, i ka malie ua ino. I ke kakahiaka, i ke kulanakauhale i hiki mai ia ka ohu, kekahi manawa ia i snowing. Air mahana kaulua mai 0 a hiki i -2⁰C. Naʻe, i ka hoao ana lā i ka lani mao. Bright lā wela, akā, i ka mahana, haule iho i -27 ⁰ C. kēia ulia loli ia i manaʻo, akā, he papa holo ua ole hōʻoki aku.

December 15, e like me ka mau i loko o ka mua hoao ana prototypes, ua ku ana a pau e haʻalele iho ai, me ka i lawe i ka Airfield hana mai i kēia lā. I-180 ku ma ka hangar. Ka hope loa hoomakaukau no ka ho'āʻo holo ana o ka mokulele. Lele hooponopono i na mea maalea, a me ka pono huahelu, a me ka poe makapo. Hele e hana, Chkalov noi Pehea lā ka lōʻihi o ka mea, e lawe, e onoaiiaea ia. I mai la ia i ka hola 2-3 hora, a paha hou. Oia ka vague pane i oleʻae Valery Pavlovich, a uaʻike ihola ole i i ka holo ia lā i ia wahi no ka mea, ua hooilo, a me ka mea i noho poeleele loa kakahiaka. He hoʻoholo ihola e lele ole a hāpai i na makapo, paha me ka manao no ke ano hope o ka ho'āʻo ma.

Make ke kahu moku, № 1

Ka mua a o ke kahu moku, i mea i kauoha: e ala ana i loko o ka lewa, e lele ma luna o ka Airfield ma ka kiʻekiʻena o 500-600 m + Alaila, hele aku la ia i ka lua o ka puni, akā, ma ka kiʻekiʻena o 2-2.5 tausani mika, a ma ka mamao loa mai ka international airport .. . A hiki ia i ka meheu o, a hoomaka ae la kinoea e kū'ē, ua makaukau hoi e pae i ka pelane, ke engine e hanaiiaʻi. Ke Airfield ua nui kahi loihi aku, a ua hiki ke ike ma ka lalo o ka noho Barracks, a kiʻekiʻe Radio kukuna.

E like me ua ikeia, o ka mokulele o nei i ka Laka i ke kaʻa, a me ka wā i hoʻomaka ai i haule, Chkalov hoʻomaopopo i i hoopa ka mea, i ka hale o kekahi o na Barracks, kahi i ia manawa, loa paha, he kanaka. Kekahi kahu moku, hiki e pili ana ia, aʻaʻole manaʻo e pili ana ia, heʻokoʻa ka kaupaku makemake paha mēkene i ka loa. Eia naʻe, Chkalov ua hoʻoholo e huli ae oukou, a me ka mokulele me ka inoperative engine hekili i loko o ke kiʻekiʻe-anakahi uila metala kākoʻo.

Chkalov ikaika kuʻina kiola mai ke kaba a me na kumu hoʻohālikelike a. Haule, i ka ke kahu moku, ku i kona poo. ʻO nā palapū, ua incompatible me ke ola, a ma hope o 2 hola, make ihola ia ma ka Botkin Halemai Moiwahine. Chkalov ka hoʻolewa i wahi ma Moscow. Ka ipu me kona lehu mea no loko o ka Kremlin paia.

Nā kumu o ka malihini

koke aku i ka make ana o Valery Chkalov ala a hiki i ka helu nui o na lono a me kaao. I loko nō o ka mea i loaʻa o ka kūhelu ka hopena i ma kekahi hana Komisina e noiʻi ana i ka pōʻino, ka mea, he 'ē wale nō mea i iho mai i kekahi ninau: ina ma ka mea, ua i ka ona e hoʻohui pū ana i ka noho ana a me ka ke kahu moku, i ka mea hewa a me ka la ia e pepehi?

. Kauoha a ke hoʻohana i ka 1938 a me ka 1955, ua i okoa hopena a, akā, i kekahi mea ia mau lā ka mea,: ka ulia ana ma muli o ka engine kinai hypothermia, e like me ka wahaheʻe i loko o ka throttle ana noonoo. Eia hou, i ka lua o ka hoʻokolokolo 'hōʻike i i ua hoano e na wahi he nui o ka mīkini, a ua ole ua hoao i loko o ka lewa. Mai keia a pau ka hopena i ka mokulele Polikarpov I-180 i ka manawa o kona hele mua i underfulfilled ma muli o ke excessive wikiwiki ke kaōhiʻana i ke kaʻina hana o ka kiekie kino, a alakai ai i ka irreparable pōʻino.

Ka lua o ka pelane kui

Naʻe, i ka mōʻaukala o ka mokulele au-180 i ole e pau i laila. Nā ho'āʻo ma hoʻomau. By Pepeluali 1939 i kūkuluʻia ka lua o ka prototype kinai. He kokoke indistinguishable, mai ka mua kekahi, koe wale no i ka kahili wahi a me kona mau'ēheu i ua kānaka nui ae, a ua hoʻouka kekahi ma ka Hawaii M-88 ma ka papa ua noʻonoʻo hou ike loea M-87A.

Ka mua holo ana o ka hōʻano hou mīkini i mālama 'ia ma' Apelila 27 o ka hookahi makahiki. Kona Pilot S. P. Suprun. Kēia manawa na mea a pau i hele ai me kekahi substantive manaʻo. No ka mea, o keia manao maopopo, i loko o ka mokulele Polikarpov māhuahua ai i ke kinai i komo i loko o ka hookahakaha o Mei 1, a lele ma luna o Red Square. Eia naʻe, i loko o kakahiaka September, au-180, ili hou, i kēia manawa pepehi ho'āʻo ke kahu moku Tomas Pavlovich Suzi. I ka wā o ka pelane, hoomaka ae la e komo i loko o ka milo, lele mai o ke kaʻa i ka ke kahu moku, me ka loaa e wehe i ka parachute.

Hope koke iho o ka pōʻino, he kūikawā Komisina i ka hana i loko o i ke kumu o ke kui i ua kapaia o ka make ana o ka aila cooler o ke apo, me ke kāpena holoʻokoʻa, e like me ka maka, a ua a pakī me kaʻaila nohona ma poʻe hoʻoholo moku.

Removal mai o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie

kekahi mokulele i kūkuluʻia ai ka hope o ka makahiki, akā, i kona ordeal ua ma luna o koke. I ka hoʻomaka o Iulai 1940 ho'āʻo ke kahu moku Proshakov i ke kuhihewa i ka piloting, a ua hoʻoikaika e haʻalele i ka papa me ka parachute. Kekahi Komisina, i kēia manawa i loaʻa i kekahi mā, a me ka hewa no ka make ana o ka mīkini Ua hoakaka pono ia i ka ke kahu moku.

Ma hope iho o kēia hana 'ia, ua kukulu hoi makou i kekahi hooponopono hou o ka mokulele - "I-180 Koo". He Ua undergone i ka helu o ka loli, a me ma luna o ka mea i auou caiaiai ia e ke kahiko Hawaii M-87A ma ka hou M-88A. Kona oaeuiinoe mämä holo makemake e 590 km / h, a me ka wā a hāpai i ka nui ikaika engine M-89, a me nā mea a pau i hiki 650 km / h. Akā, i ka moʻolelo ua ma I-180, e like me ia ma Dekemaba o ka makahiki hookahi nei, ua ka mea no ka cessation o ka hana ma keia mokulele. All paʻa hapa machines, a i ua hahao i loko i? Iecaianoaaiiuo mua, hele aku la ia e scrapped. Ma ka manawa i hoomaka ai e hele mai nā 'ano o ka Soviet ikaika i ousted ka pilikia ka papahana.

Ka hou kinai

I kekahi kūpono 'ana i ka mokulele Polikarpov OKB-185. I ka huina o na ano a pau o keia kinai ua oi i nā Soviet a me ka haole kuʻe machines o ka manawa. mau mokulele i ua kūkuluʻia ai me kekahi kiko'ī. November 18, 1942, hele aku la lakou ma ka noho ana o Kaoleioku, a i lawelawe 'ia pailota P. M Stefanovsky. I ka holo ana o ka mokulele i hōʻike maikaʻi hopena, a ua haawiia'ku no ka Launch i? Iecaianoaaiiie.

April 5, 1943 ma ka ho'āʻo ana noho i ka engine, ka hoʻomake 'i ka make ana o ke kahu moku, VA Stepanchonok. Ma nā buke, i kēia pōʻino lilo ona no ka mokulele I-185 - ka mea i ike ole i loko o-i? Iecaianoaaiiuo, akā, kahi hoomaka ae e hoakoakoa ia ma ka hola La-5FN. Ma hope iho o ia EDO ulu kekahi pelane - I-188, akā, koke a pau hana i papani ai hoi i aie i ka make ana o ka luna akamai N. N. Polikarpova.