I ka kumumanaʻo o electrolytic dissociation. A noʻonoʻo ho'ākāka o ka luna 'keʻano o ka hanaʻana

Me ka manawa "electrolytic dissociation"ʻepekema hana, mai ka pō umikumamaiwa kenekulia. Kona helehelena, ua koiia mākou ma ka Kuekene chemist Arrhenius. Hana ana ma luna o ka pilikia o ka electrolyte i loko o ka 1884-1887 makahiki, oia hoʻolauna iā ia e wehewehe i ka kŰia o ka ionization ma pāʻoihana a me ke kahua o ka mahele heheʻe i ka. Keʻano papa hana o keia kŰia ka mea, ua hoʻoholo ihola e wehewehe i ka decomposition o na nā lātoma i loko o Ion, hehee wale ka maikaʻi a me ka io kauoha.

I ka kumumanaʻo o ka electrolytic dissociation wehewehe i ka conductivity o kekahi pāʻoihana. No ka laʻana, e potasiuma koloriside mea ano o keia paakai splitting o nā lātoma no potasiuma ion me ke kauoha me ka hoailona KCl «hua hoʻohui" (cation) a me ka chlorine ion, he kauoha me ka hoailona "hua" (anion). Hydrochloricʻakika HCl mahaeʻana i loko o ka cation (hydrogen ion) a me ka anion (koloriside ion), he pāʻoihana o ka paʻakai hydroxide NaHO hiki aku ai i ka paʻakai ion a me ka anion me hydroxide ion. Ke kumu nui i hoakaka ia no ka kumumanaʻo o electrolytic dissociation wehewehe i ka hana o ka Ion ma ka pāʻoihana. E like me ia i kēia kumumanaʻo, e neʻe loa ke alalai ole i loko o ka pāʻoihana, a hiki i ka uuku kulu o ka pāʻoihana ua kākoʻoʻia i kaʻaʻahu o ka makana o oppositely i hoopiiia pou 'āhewa' ana.

wehewehe i ka pähola 'ana o ke kahua o electrolytic dissociation o electrolytes ma koʻana koko pāʻoihana like penei. Keʻano o ka noa Ion Hōʻike i ka make ana o ke aniani puka olu oia i mea. Kēia kaʻina hana ma ka mea hoʻoheheʻeʻia i ka waiwai i loko o ka wai ua 'ole ma ka hopena o ka Polar'ūheheʻe nā lātoma (i loko o mākou laʻana, ua noonoo ka wai). e hiki ke emi i ka ikaika o electrostatic attraction ole ma waena o ka Ion i loko o ke aniani puka olu oia i kahua Pela ka mea, e hoolilo kūpono Ion i ka noa neʻe o ka pāʻoihana. Ua noa Ion komo i ka papa o ka Polar wai nā lātoma. Kēia iwi ano a puni o lakou, i ka kumumanaʻo o ka electrolytic dissotsiatsiinazyvaet hydrated.

Akā, i ka kumumanaʻo o electrolytic dissociation Arrhenius wehewehe i ke kahua o electrolytes,ʻaʻole wale nō i loko o pāʻoihana. hiki e luku aku i ke aniani puka olu oia i lalo o ka aoao o ke ana wela. Paio hahana maoli nō i ke aniani, ua loaa i ka hopena o ka pili oscillations o na Ion i loko o ka puka olu oia i kahua, ke kiʻekiʻe o alakai ana i ka make ana o ke aniani, a me ka muli o, hoʻonāwaliwali lākou loa haku o ka Ion.

e hoʻi ana i nā pāʻoihana e manaoia kaawale ka waiwai o ka waiwai, a mākou i kapa aku ai he'ūheheʻe. Ke koʻikoʻi loa, ka Luna o keia hanauna i ka wai. I ka papa kuhikuhiE hiʻona o ke alo o ka kūpenu iho ia i nā lātoma, a laila ka wā kekahiʻaoʻao o ka lātoma ua ikaika i hoopiiia, a me ka 'ē aʻe negatively. Ka wai lātoma loa me kēia mau koi, akā, o ka wai i ka mea wale'ūheheʻe.

Ke kaʻina hana paha i electrolytic dissociation a me ka 'ole-koʻana koko Polar nā'uheheʻe, no kekahi laʻana, kinowai sulfur dioxide i, wai a ammonia, a pela aku, naʻe, ka mea, o ka wai e ninoaaeyao ka papa kuhikuhi kahua i loko o kēia moʻo no o ka waiwai o ka hoʻonāwaliwali i (hoike mai) ka electrostatic attraction, a luku aku i ka mea pōaka puka olu oia iʻikea ka oi aku huali ia. No laila, e kamailio ana pāʻoihana, ua olelo ia mea he koʻana koko wai.

A hoʻokolokolo pono like o na waiwai o electrolytes aeia e neʻe i ka manaʻo o ka mana a me ke degere o ka dissociation. Ma lalo o ke degere o ka dissociation o electrolyte ua manaoia o ka lākiō o dissociated nā lātoma i kā lākou mau huina helu. Loaʻaʻia electrolytes, keia kaʻi lau waiwai papa koa mai Aʻohe hiki i kekahi, a me keʻano o ka dissociation, i mea like me 'Aʻohe, Hōʻike ia mākou e ana me ka' ole-electrolytes. Ma ka mea ulu i loko o ka degere o ka dissociation o ka maikaʻi hookoia mahuahua i ka wela o ka pāʻoihana.

Electrolytes ikaika e hoʻoholo i ka degere o ka dissociation, aka i ka ikaika a me ka lehulehu ana wela. Ikaika electrolytes i keʻano o ka dissociation, hookokoke ana aku o ke kuʻikahi. He pono wailana paʻakai, alkalis, nāʻakika.

I ka kumumanaʻo o ka electrolytic dissociation mea hiki ke wehewehe i ka palahalaha huahelu o kaʻike manaʻo, a i aʻo i loko o ka? Aieao o ke kālaikūlohea, kemika, physiology o nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona,ʻimi naʻauao electrochemistry.