Ka mua'āina mea kanu a pau ... ka mua mea kanu ma ka honua nei

Mākou, wā, uuku ua ike e pili ana i na elele mua o ko ka laau honua. Eia naʻe, kā lākou fossils loaʻaʻuʻuku. Akā,ʻepekema, ka hoʻohana 'ana fossilized imprints haʻaleleʻia e nā mea kanu kahiko, i hoopaa iho ai i ko lakou mau helehelena, e like me nānā i nā hiʻona o ka' ole o ka mea kanu, lilo iho la ka mea mua e noho ma ka aina.

'Epekema e Haʻawina i nā hiʻona o ka' ole a me ka functioning o ka wāwahie mea kanu ua kapaia "paleobotanist." paleobotanists Ua hana i loko o ka huli 'ana no ka pane i nā nīnau e pili ana i ke kumu o ka laau honua.

Mea Maluna o ka spore mea kanu

Ka mua mea kanu ma ka Honua hoonuiia e spores. Iwaena o Contemporary flora mea no hoi he spore mea kanu. E like me ka Mea Maluna, ka mea, e hui i loko o kekahi pūʻulu - ka "kiʻekiʻe spore mea kanu." Ka mea, hooku iho la ia Rhyniophyta, Zosterofilofitami, Trimsrofitami, Psilotofitami, bryophytes (Bryophytes) Likopodiofitami (lycopsids) Ekvizetofitami (Horsetail) a me Polipodiofitami (Fern). I waena o kēia mau muaʻekolu pauku e pau loa ia i mea ole, a me na mea e ae i hakuʻia i mea ole, a me ka manawa o ka na pūʻulu.

Rhyniophyta - ka aina kanu mua

Ka mua'āina mea kanu, he mau elele o na flora, E ke Kumu o ka Honua ma kahi o 450 miliona. Makahiki aku nei. Ka mea, ua ulu kokoke i na moanawai likeʻole o ka wai, a ma ka mahinaʻai o ke kai pāpaʻu, a i wehewehe aku ma ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika reheating a me ka maloʻoʻana mai.

Ua E ke Kumu i mea kanu o ka aina, he mea he like symptom. Kēia māhele o ke kino i loko o nā māhele - ka luna-lepo lola honua, a. Kēia 'ole ua ano o Rhyniophyta.

Ke koe o kahiko mea kanu i mua loaa i loko o ka lua o ka hapalua o ka XIX kenekulia ma luna o ka mokuna o kēia Canada. Akā, no ka ike ole ia kumu, keia mea i hoʻoholo 'mea e hoihoi' Oihana-botanists. A i loko o ka makahiki 1912, ma kahi o ka Hawaiian kulanakauhale Rayni kūloko kulanakauhale kauka loaʻa kekahi mau fossilized mea kanu. He i ole i mea paa loa ka i koe iho o nā poʻe i noho ma mua ma ka'āina, akā, i loa akamai, au manao e peruse ka hoihoi 'loaʻa. Ma hope o ka hana ana i ka oki, oia loaʻa pono-la i ka malamaia i koe o nā mea kanu. Ke anei i ua loa lahilahi, hanau, a ma laila i pili oblong keʻano o ka hanaʻana (e like, elongated lei) me manoanoa loa, pā pōhaku. Information e pili ana i ka loaʻa koke i paleobotanists ia, a ike i na koe loaʻa nō i ka aina kanu mua. Noho iho la na mea pohihihi e pili ana i ka inoa o kēia mau kahiko i koe. Akā, ma ka hope mākou i manao e hele ma ka pololei, hele aku, a ua kapaia ka inoa o ka mea ole kanu Rhyniophyta ma ka inoa o ke kulanakauhale, kokoke i loaʻa iā lākou.

mall hiʻona

Mawaho 'ole Rhyniophyta loa primitive. Ke kino o ke'ō dichotomous type, i mea, i loko o nā māhele. Lau a me nā aʻa o ka makana, ka mea, i ole keia manawa i. Ka hoʻopili i ka honua lawe mai ka hoʻohana 'ana rhizoids. Me ka pili ana i ka mea maloko 'ole, ka mea, ua, ma ka mea ku ole, ka mea, ua loa ai paʻakikī, o ka oi aku ka wā like me ka līoho. Pela, ke uhi lole ua stomatal i hoʻomākaukauʻia, ma keʻano o ka hanaʻana a ka o ke kinoea launa a me ka wai omoāea. Manawa i ko lakou nele a me mechanical'aʻaʻa, ka mua kanu i loko o ke ao nei, ua kŘpa a uuku ma ka kiʻekiʻe (50 knm) a me ke anawaena o ka kumu (ma kahi o 0.5 knm).

Paleobotanists manaʻo i ke kālā no ka aina kanu a pau Hawaiʻi mai Rhyniophyta.

Psilophytes - ka aina kanu mua. Anei keia he oiaio?

He oiaio, ua i akuʻo ia. Ka inoa "psilophytes" maoli kii, a hiki i ka 1859. He ka 'Amelika palaeobotanist Dawson inoa me kekahi o ka loaʻa mea kanu. He koho i kēia koho, e like me ia ma ka unuhi ana i ka olelo o ia hoʻi, "he kapaʻole, mea kanu." A hiki i ka hoʻomaka o ka XX kenekulia psilophytes kapa i ka genus o kahiko mea kanu. Akā, i ka hopena o keia ano keia ano o ka pane-i audits ua oki e ola ana, a ua lilo ineligible ka hana ana o keia inoa. Ma keia wahi i ho'ākāka 'ia nui loa genus Reania haawi inoa a hiki i ka pau' Oihana kahiko o ka honua flora. Nolaila, o ka aina kanu mua o Rhyniophyta.

Typical ka poeikohoia o ka aina kanu mua

Presumably, o ka aina kanu mua o Cookson a me Reania.

Kekahi o na elele loa kahiko o flora ua Cookson, a i keʻano o ka liʻiliʻi laau ooi ole e oi aku 7 knm kiekie. Of i ka ho'ā 'ia no ka ulu ka mea, ua weuweu kula kai. Fossils Cookson a me kona nā laha 'i loaʻa i loko o ka Lepupalika Czech, kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia, a me kekahi mau mea o West Siberia.

Close ma ka kinship, Reania ka maikaʻi? Anoee ma mua o Cookson. Kona kino ua oi nunui: kanu kiekie ke hiki mai i ka 50 knm, a me ke anawaena o ka kumu - 5 mm o. I ka pau ana o ke kumu ua rinii Dome, kahi he mau hoopaapaa.

Makamua 'elele o Reania haawi ala i na mea kanu o ka koaʻe ke a me subtropics. E like me ka mea laekahi Mea Maluna, ka mea i hui ma ka psilophytes Oihana. He uuku loa, ma ka mea e pili ana i ka loaʻa o 20? Ueo. Ma kekahi ka mahalo i ka mea, he mea i like loa me kā lākou poʻe kūpuna. Ma kekahi, ka mea a elua i ka dichotomous ai manamana ai. Psilophytes He kokekau wale kiʻekiʻe o ka 25 a hiki i 40 knm.

kēia mea, ua ulu

A nei, ua loaʻa paleontologists ma sediments mua ma mua o 425 miliona makahiki, wale no ka i koe iho o primitive triletnyh hoopapa me ka pahee iwi. Na loaa i loaa i loko o ka palena o Tureke. Ka mea, e haawiia keia i ke keena Ordovician. hiki ole i Loaʻa 'ikamu hookahe i ka malamalama i ka manawa o ka hanana o vascular mea kanu, e like me ka mea, he pohihihi keia, a ka mea ua loa unclear ana pono i na elele o ke kanu ioeo pili i laumania spores.

Akā,ʻaʻole i ka manawa ma mua i ke koe ike loea triletnyh hihia me ke kino iwi i loaʻa i loko o Saudi Arabia. Ua Ua manao ia i ka makahiki o ka loaʻa Laʻana o nā papa koa, mai 444 a hiki i 450 miliona. Nam.

Ke flowering vascular mea kanu ma hope o glaciation

Ma ka lua o ka hapalua o ka Ordovicianʻikena Saudi Arabia a me Tureke hoike no ka'ākau hapa o ka supercontinent Gondwana. Kēia, apparently, ua ka mua kaianoho koholā āpana o vascular mea kanu. noho lōʻihi mōʻaukala manawa i ka mea wale nō i loko o kona "evolutionary cradle," akā, ka Honua noho ma ka poeikohoia o ka primitive a me kona mossy kriptosporami. Loa paha, ka nui resettlement o vascular mea kanu i hoomaka ai ma hope o ka glaciation nui e mai ai i ka huli ana o ka Ordovician a me Silurian.

telome kumumanaʻo

Ma ka papa o ke ao e noho ana kekahi no laila,-kapaia Rhyniophyta telome kumumanaʻo, a i hanaia e ka German botanist Zimmermann. Ua hōʻike mall hiʻona Rhyniophyta, a ma ia manawa i ike i ka aina kanu mua. Zimmermann i hōʻike, a me ka manao ala o ka lilo nui vegetative a me reproductive nā loko o kiekie mea kanu.

E like me ka mea Kelemānia nä känaka 'epekema Rhyniophyta kino oia o ka radially symmetrical lipi, maʻi lālā o ka a Zimmerman kapaia ke kino (mai ka Greek telos -. "Ka hope").

Evolutionary ala i ke kino, ua undergone loli lehulehu e noho ana i ka papa kuhikuhiE nā loko o kiekie mea kanu: anei, lau, aa, sporophylls.

No laila, e 'oe hiki pono pane i ka nīnau "He aha nō ka'āina kanu mua?". I keia la, i ka pane ua maopopo. Ka mea, he Rhyniophyta. Ka mea mua i waho ma ka Honua ka ili honua, a lilo iho la i ka hiki o kaʻiʻo nō o kēia elele o na flora, hoʻowahāwahā i ka mea i kā lākou mawaho a me na 'ole he primitive.