Meaning ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana no ke kino. Ka 'ole o ka'emi ko kahua

No a pau na ko mākou hopohopo nenoai o ke kino ka mea, o ka mea nui. E hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ia wahi hana ana i nā mea a pau'ē nā loko, nā'aʻaʻa a me nā keena. I ka papa kuhikuhiE manaʻo nui o ka ua'emi'ōnaehana no ke kino i ma kona uku ka mea i hana 'ia me ka a pau. Eia hou kekahi, ka mea i hoʻi i ke kino i ka hui 'ana me ka mea mawaho kaiapuni.

Ke kanaka i ka lilo ana o keia'ōnaehana hiki manaʻo, kālailai hanana. Kaʻoi ano o ka ua'emi'ōnaehana i ke kino nui aku nui: ia hoʻi nā mea a pau, a me ka keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ka hanu, ke koko, ka pololi a me ka makewai, ia mea i kuleana no nā mea a pau o ko mākou reflexes, a me ka loa primitive. E maopopo kona nui no ko makou kino ka me oe, oe e ike (ma ka liʻiliʻi loa ma ka kumu o kiʻekiʻe) kona 'ole.

I ka mea, he hapa o ka'emi ko kahua?

Ua Ua hanaʻia e ko mākou hopohopo'aʻaʻa, i maupaʻa neurons a me aeee ukali (astrocytes). E iā mākou iki hōʻike i ko lakou manao:

• Neuron - i ka papa kuhikuhiE ooieoeiiaeuiiai pa alima o ko mākou hopohopo'aʻaʻa. Mau keena i kuleana no ka noʻonoʻoloi, a no nā mea a pau na hana o ka holoʻokoʻa nenoaiu.
• Keena ukali hana a trophic kākoʻo kuleana pili i. Currently, ka mea, ua manaoio aku no lakou ia mea, e hoi pāʻani nui ka kūlana ma keʻano papa hana o ka lōʻihi-makahiki hoomanao ana, eia nae keia kuhiakau pono ia e möakäka hou.

Mākou e hoʻomau e kūkākūkā i ka 'ole a me ka manaʻo o ka'emi ko kahua.

Ka 'ole o ka neuron

Kēia aeea, i mea kuleana no ka mea hana ma ka kino Aneane pau, ua haku o ke kino a me ka appendages. Ka mea, ua maheleia i mau hoailona ia mea: na axons a me dendrites. Ka mea mua o lakou e haalele mai na keena ma ka hookahi kope, lōʻihi. Ma ka mea ku ole, na dendrites o okoa nui like 'ole mea iʻoi aku ko lākou koʻikoʻi, i aloha ai manamana. E like me ka rula, kēlā nā aʻalolo aeea i e mau. E like me na dendrites nā aʻalolo impulses hele ana i loko o ka hīnaʻi manu.

Axon okoa nui loa, aneane ole lala. Ma ka mea lāʻau ikiʻai wale mai o ke aʻalolo aeea kino. Ka lōʻihi o kēia kaʻina ke oi mau na umi o kenimika. E like me ia mea, i hiki i ka lepa ma ka mea o ka pou hookuuia, aneane e loaa ia.

A uuku waleʻana aku. It E e hoʻomaopopo i ka waiwai o ka 'ole a me ka hana ana o ka ua'emi'ōnaehana ai eiiieaena a me nā mea he nui o ka ooieoeiiaeuiiai hiʻona o kekahi pakahi aku la ia luna' biochemical keʻano o ka hanaʻana i ana i loko o ka hohonu o ka Central ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana, ka noiʻi e pono e hoomaka ana e koho.

Axons kapa komo iā ia, mai ka waiwai momona-me, i lawelawe 'ana me ka insulator. Ua keʻano o ka hanaʻana i kēia mau huhui waina a lākou i hana i ka keʻokeʻo paa o ka'emi ko kahua. Ke kino o ka neuron a me dendrites i pūpū i. i kapa Accumulations o kēia mau mea oho mea.

E hoʻomau i ka noiʻi i ka 'ole a me ka manaʻo o ka'emi ko kahua. Oe pono loa manaʻo i neurons e pili kēia differentiated, oihana o kēia 'ano, he mea ole keena. E hoʻomau mākou e kamailio e pili ana i ka nui o ka ua'emi ko kahua. Ke mau kumumanao o ka'emi'ōnaehana he mea hiki ole ke hoi i noonoo ai i ka hola, ina oe e ole i ike e pili ana i ka 'ole o ka neuron, kona loiloi' iniha, kapuaʻi.

He aha nā neurons?

Mai kuhi ana a pau neurons i ka ia. Ma ka aka, ua nui okoa mai kekahi i kekahi ma ka palapala, a hana iho la lakou. Ikepili koʻikoʻi ia? Aaeaao impulses mai ke ano nā loko i ka lolo. Ko lakou mau kino i aia i loko o ka ganglia nui o ke kino. Ma ke ala e olelo ana, o ka ai-kapaia nui he mau huhui o neurons mawaho o ka lolo a me ka spinal kaula. Hawaii? Ueony, ma ka Akä,? Aaeaao impulses mai o ka lolo a hiki i na nāʻiʻo a me na nā loko.

Intercalary neurons i kuleana no ka launa pu, a me ka hoololiia ana o ka 'ike ma waena o ka sensory a me ka Hawaii keena. Lākou mau keʻano o ka hanaʻana i loa pōkole, e pāʻani ana i ke kūlana o ka "papa" 'aʻole i ana ma kela aoao o ka lolo. Penei, o ka lolo loaa ana ike mai a pau na nenoai a me nā loko o ke kino.

No laila, e helu i ka wahi. He aha ka ke kumu o ano o ka ua'emi'ōnaehana i ke kino? Mākou helu:

• Ua loaa mau lepa a mai ke ano nā loko, honi a me ka hoopa receptors.
• Ma neurons hua mai la i ka loaa 'ike Ka Ikepili.
• Na actuating kino (lima, no ka laʻana) e like me ka pū i hiki ka lāʻau ikiʻai.
• Ke kino e ponoʻole pane i keʻano ukiuki o? Aneie aʻe.

Impulses mai o ka lolo a me ka pū i hiki ia ia, aole wale no kanaka keʻano o ka hanaʻana o nā neurons, akā, i loko o ka hana kūikawā nā aʻalolo.

He aha nō kāu nā aʻalolo?

I ka maʻamau o ke ola, ke mau e hoolohe mai i ka olelo, akā, kona oiaio manaʻo mea somehow mai i ka manaʻo '. Akā,ʻo ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana a me kona kūlana ma ke kino, ua ai nui ia oe e ike e pili ana ia!

Nā aʻalolo kapa e like me ka manawa hoʻomāhuahua o keʻano o ka hanaʻana loa o neurons, a i uhiia me ke kupaianaha aiiay ka penaʻana. Inā ma keia "o Kahualoa Kokohi" i keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ka Hawaii neurons, ua kapaʻia nā aʻalolo lakou iho Hawaii. E like me ka rula, i loko o ke aʻalolo nui ilpko o komo nā dendrites a me axons. Ma keia hihia i kapaia hui lakou. Ka mea, oko i loko o ia ka mea hiki ke hoʻouna i nā aʻalolo impulses i loko o nāʻaoʻao.

Māhele o ka'emi ko kahua

I ka papa kuhikuhiE poe elua: ai ke kipi a me kaʻike ākea. Ka Central Māhele ka loaʻa o ka lolo, a ua hoomaluia spinal kaula ma na iwi o ka puniu wale no, a spinal kia ao. Alaila, ma ka periphery ninoieo o ganglia a me nä olonä hoʻokaʻawale keʻano o ka hanaʻana o nā neurons.

I ka hapa o ka'emi'ōnaehana e hoʻi i ka hana o skeletal nāʻiʻo, i kapaʻia somatic. Ke'ī mai,ʻo ko mākou hopohopo nenoaiu no ke kino, ma keia hihia ia mea paʻakikī nui: ka mea, o ka "somatic" e leie aku mākou e hoʻoneʻe i kona mau lima a me nā wāwae. No ka mea na nā loko kuleana hana nona iho nenoai Oihana. Kona functioning mea i malama i ka manao makemake o ke kanaka. Aloha kau, oe e olelo lealea e ike pehea e kahu ai i ka kaʻina hana o ka digestion, 'ūlōlohi mai ana paha hōʻeleu i ia.

Penei, o ka nui o ka ua'emi'ōnaehana i loko o ka rula o ke kino, he nui loa: e hoʻi iā i ka keʻano o ka hanaʻana i ka hapanui o kanaka, ua like ka ike ole. O ka holo ana, ina lākou kino a pau ka pono a me ka mea a pau ua functioning ma "maʻamau"? Aaeei.

Ma keia pauku, he mau mele "mall naehana": ka kōkua aloha, a me ka parasympathetic ko mākou hopohopo nenoaiu. Ua aneane e innervated i ka na nā loko ma ke aʻalolo nui ilpko o ia mai ia ia. 'Ole ma ke kino i loko o kēia mau oihana e diametrically e ku pono ana.

No ka laʻana, na ka ho'ēmiʻana o kōkua aloha o hoʻokāʻoi aʻe ana i cardiac striated Muscle, a me ka parasimpatika - 'aʻole hoʻi ia i ke kaʻina hana, ia mea kuleana no digestion. Penei, i ke kūlana o ka parasympathetic ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana i loko o ke kino, uaʻoi aku kona nui. He kuleana no ka hanu a me nā pōʻino keʻano o ka hanaʻana.

reflex

A me ka mea i ka manaʻo nui o ka ua'emi'ōnaehana i loko o ka loa unconditional reactions o nā kānaka a me nā holoholona i kekahi mea ukiuki loa o ke kaiapuni? Aloha kau, pehea ka reflex ha awina?

E like me ka mea, uaʻikeʻia, i kuleana no kēiaʻano papa hana, a mākou iʻike i ka "reflex piʻo". 'O kēia ke ala a i ke aʻalolo impulses i loko o ka manawa i ka wa a ke kino mākou ke pane e stimulation o ka reflex. Ua ninoieo o na kēia mau pauku: mea loaʻa ikepili koʻikoʻi ala, kekahi mau kuleana no ka hapa reflex o ka'emi'ōnaehana, i ke ala a i ka hōʻailona, e like me ka pono me, mai ka hana kino.

A pehea nui ka ua'emi'ōnaehana i kanaka ola. A hiki aku ka mea, ua kana wāwahiʻia, a hiki i kekahi maʻi kanaka hiki e kekahi maoli mama kuokoa E hīkiʻi ana shoelaces. It ke kupaianaha Pehea uuku nui ka poe i manao e pili ana i ka nui o ka ua'emi'aʻaʻa!

Ma hiki o ka reflex piʻo

Kēlā me kēia piʻo hoʻomaka me sensory receptors. Kēlā me kēia no ia ike wale kekahi i kekahi ano o ka stimulus. Nā receptors kuleana no ka hou 'ana o ka mea mawaho i hoʻolilo' ia i loko o nā aʻalolo impulses. Impulses e hele nei i ka skeletal nāʻiʻo, triggering nui keʻano o ka hanaʻana i kekahi, a hana i kekahi kuleana pili i like nui, i hoʻokahi wale nō uila ma ka ano. Me ka 'ikepili koʻikoʻi neuron impulses pū i hiki ai i ka Central ko mākou hopohopo nenoaiu.

E noke i aneane a pau i haku reflex arcs o intercalated neurons.

He nui nā manaʻo i ke kuli-jerk naoh - loa unconscious kaʻina mea, hookahi entrenched, e noho loa ua hoʻololiʻia. Akā, ia mea,ʻaʻole pēlā. Ka nui, e hoike ana i ka hōʻailona, mai ka mea loaʻa,ʻo ko mākou hopohopo nenoaia, aole ia e ponoʻae, akā, i ka hāhai i kona Ikepili ka loiloi 'ka hopenaʻoi loa o ka naoh. Aloha kau, ia mea no ka poʻe i aʻo like kā lākou hana,ʻaʻole wale nō i ka reflex automatism, akā, i hana ia hemolele.

Ano, e ka kamailio, ka mea i ka manaʻo nui o ka ua'emi'ōnaehana i loko o ka pōʻaiapili o ke kūkā o ka spinal kaula. Kekahi manaʻo i ka mea, nona wale nō ke no ka EYI o impulses mai o ka lolo i ka oihana ma lalo. A hewa loa, mai ke kūlana o ke kino, he nui aku nui.

Ka 'ole o ka spinal ke kaula

Ke aupuni 'o ka spinal kaula i loko o ka spinal Canal. Kaupalena 'a ua hoomaluia maoli cavities - cranial iwi, e like me ma ka vertebral kolamu. ʻimi naʻauao (anatomical), i ka palena ma waena o ka spinal kaula a me ka lolo kŰlń ao ma waena o ka occipital iwi, a me ka Mea Maluna Iho.

Ma kānaka, ka mea i ke ano o ke keʻokeʻo kaula, i ke anawaena o ka i mea o ka hola 1 kenimika. Ke kai iho ua piha me ka wai, cerebrospinal loli. Ma ka ili o ke kino, he mau hohonu lonikū Groove, i mahele ia i loko o ka pono a me ka haʻalele aoao. Inā ka lolo ua okioki ma ka hapa, e hiki ke ike loa i ke kiʻi kumu i kohu i ka hahai.

kona kino, ua hanaʻia ma neurons (intercalary a me ka Hawaii). E like me mākou i'ōlelo mai ai mamua, he keʻokeʻo waiwai e uhi ia mau mea ma luna o nā mea a pau aoao, o ka keʻano o ka hanaʻana lōʻihi o neurons. Lakou holo ana o ka spinal kaula i, a ia i ano uplink a me ka downlink kaha.

He aha ke ano o ka spinal ke kaula?

Ua mau ka papa kuhikuhi hana ia: reflexes a me ke kūlana o ke alakaʻi mele alanui. Aie i ka reflex hana, mākou i ka manawa kūpono e hana i na mea he nui ka neʻe 'ana. All ho'ēmi o skeletal nāʻiʻo o ke kino (koe nae ke poo nāʻiʻo) kekahi aoao ai kekahi e pili ana me ka reflex arcs, i mea pololei e kaukaʻi ma o ka ha awina o ka spinal kaula.

Ma nā hua'ōlelo, ke kūlana o ka'emi'ōnaehana i loko o ke kino o ka nui oihana i mākaukau versatile: ma ka rula o ka hui, nenoai pinepine 'ole ka poe o kona oihana, a he nui no he uuku ke kuka.

Mākou e mai exaggerate! Ma hope o ka spinal kaula i loko o ka lehulehu me kona "poo colleague" hooponopono i ka pololei hana o ka mea hiki ole ka helu o nā loko: digestive'ōnaehana a me ka naau, urinary'ōnaehana a me reproductive nā loko. Aie i ka mea keʻokeʻo mea e synchronized, nae heʻokoʻa ma-ke kahua me kā lākou pane i mawaho a me na stimuli.

Nui! Mai poina i ka spinalʻaha ua no subordinated i ke poo a puni. Aia nā hihia ia i ka hopena o ka hewa, he ulia pakalaki i ole maʻi o ke kanaka loa, mai hemo mai i ka pilina ma waena o ka lolo a me ka spinal kaula. Mua, ma na hihia a pau e hana pono ka hana. O ia ka leo e aneane pau loa na reflexes, a i aia ma lalo o ka ciia, loa nalo.

Oia kanaka e, i mea maikaʻi, e hoʻoneʻe i kona mau lima, iki huli i kona poʻo, akā, i ka holoʻokoʻa malalo o ke kino ka mea pono a me ka motionless devoid o kekahi ano ua pā lonoaʻili.

lolo

Ua Aia i loko o ka iwipoo. Maheleia i loko o ka hahai na pauku: ka medulla oblongata, cerebellum, alahaka, waena a me ka haumāna 'Oihana, a me ka hemisphere. Like i loko o ka mua neo, aia no he keʻokeʻo, a poʻo mea. White hoʻohuiʻia nā māhele o ka lolo, a me ka spinal kona oihana. Aie a hiki i keia i ka pau Central ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana oihana like me ka a pau.

Akä naÿe i ka spinalʻula, he mea oho mea hele i ke kino luna, ho okumu i kona ili, cortex.

Medulla oblongata mea ma ka mea o ka hoomau ana o ka spinal kāleka ua koi 'ia no ka pilina o kēia mau wahi o ka'emi ko kahua a pau. He mea kuleana no ka hanu, digestion a me nā unconscious oihana, akā, no ka mea, o kona eha mea ona no ke ola.

Meaning o ke kanaka eiiiiiaiou

Ke cerebellum hoʻi iā Hawaii i hana '. Ke midbrain mea he "maalo wahi" no ka nui reflex arcs. Medulla, pons a midbrain ano i keia ano o ke kumu e kuhikuhi ana ma waena o kekahi mau oihana, a hana he nui reflex oihana. Cora - ka muli loa, a me ka mea nui wale Oihana. He no ia mea, ua manaʻo, manaʻo, hoahu i kou Memories. Trauma cortex mea fraught me ka piha lilo o ke ano pono'ī.

Aia nā hihia i ka wa a kanaka e noho loa i loko o ka moku'āina o ka lapaʻau make, poho iho la lakou, ma hope o ka ulia pololei ai weliweli, ikea mai la e ola ana me ka hopena o ka mālama nui a me ka cardiac resuscitation. I Ka pono e kapa ia ka moku'āina he paʻakikī loa ola. Cortical neurons make loa koke, ma hope a ke kanaka huli i loko o ka "nō hoʻi". He hiki ole ke olelo ia, aole i hoomanaoia o ka mua ola (me ka pohihihi, koe), ka mea nui hiki ole e malama ana ia lakou iho.

A pehea nui ka ua'emi'ōnaehana i loko o ka meaola.