'O ka adipic acid. Nona a me nā noi

'O ka adipic acid (he inoa'ē a'e no kēia waiwai - ka waikawa 1,4-butanedicarboxylic acid,'o ka inoa o ka pūnaewele - hexanedioic acid)'o ia ke kau'ana o ka waikawa carboxylic. Loa'a kēia kumuhana kumuhana: HOOC (CH2) 4COOH a me ka hua'ōlelo nui C6O4H10. Loa'a iā ia nā'ano like me nā mea'onika me ka acetic carboxylic. 'O nā kiniki, a he nui ka hapanui o ia mau mea i ka wai (H2O). Ua ho'onui'ia i nā di a me nā mono-esters. Me nā'ōmole, hexanedioic acid nā polyester.

Nā'āpana o ka adipic acid

1. Molar nuipa mea 146,1 gram / Mol.

2. O ka lahilahi he 1.36 grams / mole.

3. Ho'opa'a'ia i ka anhanol, ka polyl alcool a me ka acetone.

4.'O ka solubility i ka wai (H2O) he: ma 15 mau kipa, 1.44 g i 100 g wai; Ma ke kekeleli 40, 5.12 g; He 70 ° - 34.1 g.

Nā hua o ka hexadioic acid

1.'O ka helu ho'ohehe'e he 153 ° C.

2. O ke ana wela ke 210 - 240 ° C.

3. ka baila aʻela i wahi (ma ka 100mm Hg) He 265 ° C.

4. Ka mahana o ka adarboxylation 300-320 ° C.

5.'O ka enthalpy o ka hopena -2800 kJ / mol.

6.'O ka enthalpy ho'ohehe'e'ia he 16.7 kJ / mol.

7.'O ka'āpana o ka ho'oma'ema'e he 18.7 kJ / mol.

Pehea e loa'a ai ka waikawa adipic?

I loko o nā'oihana, ua hua'ia kēia waiwai ma nā hana'elua o ka oxidation o cyclohexane. 'O ka mea mua, ua loa'a ka hui o ka cyclohexanol a me ka cyclohexanone, a laila ua ho'oka'awale'ia e ka ho'oponopono. A laila cyclohexanone ua hoʻohana 'ia e paka caprolactam, a me ka cyclohexanol oxidized 40-60% ikaika HNO3 (nitricʻakika). Me kēia'ano,'o ka hua o ke acidic adipic e pili ana i ka piha he kanaiwakumamālima.

'O kekahi o nā ala ho'olaha e hana ai i ka waikawa adipic'o ka hydrocarbonylation o ka butadiene.

He aha nā'ano'oko'a e ho'ohana'ia ai no ka hana'ana i nā waikawa carboxylic, e like me ka acid adipic? Hiki ke loa'a iā ia ma o cyclohexane oxidizing me ka waikawa nitric (HNO3) i kahi mahana o + 100-200 ° C, dinitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) ma kahi mahana o +50 ° C a i'ole ozone (O3).

Loa'a'ia ka waikawa Adipic e ka carbonylation o THF (tetrahydrofuran) i loko o ka anhydride adipic, a laila e loa'a ai ka waiwai a mākou e no'ono'o ai.

'O ka ho'ohana'ana o ka waiāpala adipic:

- he mea'ono kēia mea (ho'ohana'ia e like me ke kanaiwa hapahā o nā waiwaiwai hua'ia) i ka hana'ana o polyhexamethyleneadipamide, a me kona polyurethanes a me ka esters;

- ho'ohana'ia'o ia he mea'ai mea'ai (i ho'opa'a inoa'ia ma lalo o ka helu helu Е 355) no ka hā'awi'ana i nā huahana i kahi mea'awa'awa (e like me ka hana'ana i nā mea'awa'awa);

'O ka adipic acid ka mea nui o nā kumukū'ai i mana'o'ia no ka wehe'ana;

- ua ho'ohana'ia e wehe i nā mea i koe ma hope o ka ho'opiha'ana i nā lī ma waena o nā tile'ula;

-'O ka ho'ohana'ana i nā waikawa carboxylic, e like me ke adipic, he mea nui ia no ka inoa o nā huahana waena.

Ma kekahi Nine Inch naoh i adipicʻakika?

1. Ke ho'opili kēia mea me nā'ano metala like'ole, ko lākou mau hydroxide ma'amau a me nā kaupona e hā'awi i nā pa'akai e like.

2. E ho'oku'u i ka waiāwaliwali mai kona pa'akai.

3. Ma ke alo o kahi catalyst acid, ho'opili ka waikawa adipic me nā mea'aha. Ma keia palapala nā mea kemika.

4. Ma ka paio hahana maoli nō 'amoniuma paʻakai o adipicʻakika amides i hana.

5. Ma lalo o ka mana o ka SOCl2, ho'ololi'ia ka waikawa adipic i ka waikawa waikawa e like.

'O nā ku'iku'i o ka waikawa adipic  

1. ho'ohana'ia ka Methyl adipate no ka ho'ohemo melepona o ka dimethyl sebacate.

2. Hiki i ka mīkini dipina kahi mālolo ho'omalolo no ka polyester resins.

3. Etiladipinat ua hoʻohana 'ia e like me ka mea hoʻonui i alakai ole ai oe kakolina e hoomahuahua i kona octane helu.

4. Hana'ia ka diethyladipinate ma ke'ano he mea hana i ka hana'ana i nā ki'i'oni'oni'oni, nā kāme'a, PVC, nā'ili i hana'ia, nā mea hana a nā keiki, ka linoleum, a me nā pāpaku.

5. Ke ho'ohana'ia nei ka'āpana diisopropyl e like me kahi hua o nā mea'ala no ka'ili.