Olfactory mea kālailai: 'ole a me ka ho'āʻo. Makahiki 'o ka olfactory mea kālailai

Me ke kōkua o nāʻano a analyzers kanaka iā Kalani i loko o ke ao nei. Ua mea ma ka ike, ka lohe, ala a me nā makaukau no ke ike i ke kaiapuni, ua ike i ka poino. Kēlā me kēia kanaka mea okoa analyzers hiki e ulu nei i ka ia. E ho'āʻo mākou e loaʻa mai ma ka 'atikala, i mea he olfactory kahua. 'Ole a me ka papa, ke ola waiwai io o kekahi o ka hoohalike nā loko i manaoia ma keia Haawina.

Hoʻoholo 'ana o ka olfactory hui,

Ka hapa nui o ka 'ike e pili ana i ke ao kanaka perceives me ke kōkua o ka hui, o ka hihio, akā, me ke ano o ka hohono i ke kiʻi i ole ai hoʻomālamalama, kālaʻe.

Ke olfactory'ōnaehana ua papahana no ka ka loaʻaʻana o ka waiwai i mea wailana, a noho ma volatility. Kēia'ōnaehana i ka mea pilikino kiʻi i loko o ka palapala o kekahi mau ala. Meaning olfactory mea kālailai i moe i loko o ka nui, e hoike ana ia mea hiki mai o Pahuhopu loiloi 'o ka lewa quality, ka ai a me ke kaiapuni i loko o kekahi mau.

Inā o ka hui, o ka ala i loko o kānaka a me nā holoholona a mākou e hoakaka aku, e hiki e mai la oia i ke kino i ka kūikawā ano a no na holoholona. Akā, ka mea hiki ole ke hoʻomohala i nā mea a pau i ka ia. No ka laʻana, aia nō ke ola 'ano apau loa i i kā lākou olfactory'ōnaehana ua ulu maikaʻi a lawa. No ka laʻana, kekahi laha 'o Letra ke loaʻa i kou hoa ma ka honi i ka mamao o ka 8 kilomika. Ua noa Ua kama'āina me ka ilio, a hiki ke hele ma ke alahele o ke kanaka, alakaʻi ma ke ala o kona poe a pau.

kino honi

Inā i ka hana o ka olfactory mea kālailai mākou noonoo, e mea hiki ke kuhikuhi i ka mea nui a me ka nui:

1. Ka Ikepili o ka ai ma edible a me ka hale kalapu no. Me keia nenoaiu ia mea hiki e hooholo i ka degere o ka suitability o ka huahana.
2. Ho okumu ana o kā lākouʻahaʻaina.
3. Olfactory'ōnaehana ua pili 'ole i loko o ke kau mai o ka digestive'ōnaehana i loko o ka meaʻai aaioee.
4. Definition o hoʻopōʻino waiwai i ke kanaka kino.
5. Ho okumu o ka moe kolohe ana e hoʻololi hiki ma lalo o ka aoao o pheromones.
6. Me ke komo 'ana o ka mea kālailai i wahi kanaka kohoʻia i loko o ke kaiapuni.
7. Knowledge o ka mea mawaho honua hiki ole ke hana me ka olfactory hui,.

Ua hiki e kaulana i kanaka ka poe i nele o ka maka, i ke exacerbated nā dudima, a me ka mea, ua nui maikaʻi ano o ka honi, e kōkua iā lākou ho okele i loko o ke ao nei.

Ka 'ole o ka olfactory mea kālailai

Inā ka 'ole o kēia sensory hui, ua noonoo, ua hiki ke nana i hahai i ka oihana.

1. ʻike ākea. Ua loaʻa i ka mea loaʻa keena ma ka nasal mucosa. Ka mea, pau cilia hoopuniia e mucus. Ua hoike mai a me ka puaʻa 'ona. Nine AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN i, i ua hoohuliia mai i loko o nā aʻalolo impulses.
2. Alakaʻi mele oihana ninoieo o ka olfactory nā aʻalolo. Ma ia mau lepa, mai receptors i loko o ka forebrain, ma ka olfactory u kukui. I ka mea, aia no he iniiaiie Ka Ikepili o ka 'ike, a laila, i ka lāʻau ikiʻai wale, e hele aku i ka kekahi oihana o ka mea kālailai.
3. Central Māhele ua aia i loko o ke kino a me ka frontal lobes o ka cerebral cortex. He 'aneʻi i i ka hope loa isssledovanie ike lawe ala i ka hoʻomaopopo pono a ua loaʻa i ka pane hope loa o ke kino i kona waiwai.

E ike lea ia me ka 'ole a me ka functioning o kēia mau oihana i loko o hou au mamuli.

Kaʻike ākea hapa o ka mea kālailai

E noonoo pono i ka 'ole o ka olfactory mea kālailai, ia mea pono e hoʻomaka mai i ka loiloi mua kāleka. Ua Ua Aia i loko o ka nasal lua. Ma kēia mau wahi, i ka mucousʻili lahilahi uaʻia naʻe kānaka, ua uhiia i ka luna me ka mucous secretions, i pāʻani i ke kūlana aiiay, mālama mai maloʻo ana mai, a me kekahi 'ole i loko o ke ana o na stimuli i koe ma hope o kā lākou mau waiū.

Ua Uaʻaneʻi i hui 'ma waena o odorants a me ka mea loaʻa keena. Ke epithelium, he mau hoailona ia mea o nā aeee:

• Reference. Ka mea, o ka pae'āina ma metabolic keʻano o ka hanaʻana.
• Olfactory. Kēia mea receptors iho, a i ka nui helu o cilia, e hoʻonui i ka papa wahi.

Olfactory aeee i mau kaʻina, kekahi o i kŰlń ao a hiki i ka olfactory u kukui, a me ka lua o ka lāʻau i ka shape a me ka welau a vesicle cilia.

alakaʻi mele 'Oihana

Kēia mahele ua manao ia no ka lawe ana 'ikepili poe nae nā aʻalolo mau alahele e hana i ka olfactory nā aʻalolo. Ua ninoieo o kanaka laulau e hele ana i loko o ka thalamus.

Ike i ka pili me ka limbic'ōnaehana, a wehewehe i ke alo o Emotions ma ke kaʻina hana o ka pokole o ke ala. aversion, a no laila, ma luna o - No ka laʻana, kekahi ala e makemake, ka mea'ē aʻe i.

Ke kikowaena oihana o ka mea kālailai

Kēia mahele nā ka olfactory u kukui. 'O kēia kekahi o ka' Oihana ma ke kino lobes o ka lolo.

A pau aia i loko o ke alo o na lobes na ohia-hoʻokino o ka cortex i loko o ka'āina o ka hippocampus.

ʻano papa hana ala

I ka pono pokole irritants lākou nā lātoma pono mua o nā mea a pau i loko o hoike mai i ka mucus e poai puni i ka mea loaʻa keena. A laila, he mea ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN me ka ho'ākāka 'ia i nā polokina i loko iho i loko o ka halepaahaoʻili lahilahi.

Oia ka leo mea hiki, ina i ke kinona o ka stimulus hoʻopili like i ke kinona o ka kumuʻiʻo lātoma. Slimy waiwai hoʻi ka loaʻa nui o ka 'ilikai receptors no nā lātoma o ka puaʻa' ona.

A ma hope iho hele mai stimulus lātoma i hui 'ana me ka mea loaʻa kumuʻiʻo, he loli ma ka hope' ole, ai ka paʻakai ion kaha hamama ana i loko o kaʻili lahilahi. Paʻakai Ion komo iloko, a nāna hoʻi i hana maikaʻi 'āhewa' ana i alakai i kaʻili lahilahi depolarization.

Mai ka hookuu neurotransmitter mea loaʻa aeea, e alakai ana i ke ano o ke aʻalolo impulse i ka māhele o ka'emi ko olona. Ke'ī mai, e like me ka mea olfactory nā aʻalolo impulse excitation hoʻomaka e e pū i hiki i nā māhele o ka mea kālailai.

E hana ana o ka olfactory'ōnaehana

Inā pehea ke kanaka olfactory mea kālailai oe ke manao, i ka hana a pau hiki ke maheleia i loko o kekahi mau kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao.

1. Paipai 'laulau puaʻa stimulus i ka mea loaʻa keena, i welau a hui me ka mea loaʻa nā polokina.
2. Huli ana Nine Inch waiū odorant i loko o nā aʻalolo impulses. Ua helu kuhi puke i kēia kahua me ka ka piʻiʻana i ka mea loaʻa stimulus a me ka welau a me ka huina hoonui o nā aʻalolo impulses.
3. Hele i nā aʻalolo impulse i ka lalo nā aʻalolo-oaio? A. Ua hiki ke deciphered like me ka holo ana ma ke ala e hiki aku o ka olfactory u kukui.
4. ka lāʻau ikiʻai hou i loko o ka olfactory u kukui.
5. Paipai 'ana i nā aʻalolo impulses i kiekie ae olfactory-oaio? A.
6. Ieoaeunoai o ka mea ukiuki loa no ke ano o ka hana i ho'ākāka 'ala.

A pau kēia mau kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao sequentially ma hope kekahi i kekahi. Ināʻoe eʻike piʻi pilikia a me kāna hana ma luna o kekahi o ia mau mea, ua hiki ke olelo i ka pokole o ka, ai honi oe ka mea i haki.

Addictive olfactory mea kālailai

No kanaka olfactory mea kālailai mākou ana no, aka, ia mea i ke kumukuai o uaʻike nō ia i ka mīkiniʻimi nenoaiu mea hiki ke hakuloli i. Keia ia lŘlŘ ma hooloihi ae i waiū i ka stimulus.

mea kālailai ka hoʻololiʻana ke hana ana i loko o kekahi mau kekona, a me kekahi manawa e lawe mai i ka elima minuke. Ua pau hilinaʻi nui ma ka helu o nā kumumea:

• Ka lōʻihi like 'ole o ka hui' ana me ka puaʻa 'ona.
• I ka lehulehu o ka stimulus.
• airflow.

Aia Ua lawa nui pūʻulu o ka odorant a hiki i ka olfactory'ōnaehana i ke hakuloli koke. Ua lawe loa uuku manawa, a me ka meaʻala ua hou ikeia. A ma ko kumu hoʻohālike o ka piha ka hoʻololiʻana i ke ala o kona kino, i nā mea a pau keena.

Kekahi irritants addictive hana lohi ole wale hapa 'ia'. I ka paku ole ia i ka palupalu olfactory stimulus no ka pōkole manawa 'ino ke'ākoʻakoʻa i loko o ka palapala o ka hoʻoulu i ka pā lonoaʻili o ka mea kālailai.

Kela manawa, ka mea hookupaa i ka ka hoʻololiʻana o ka ulu ana, aole ia i lawe wahi i loko o ka pauku mua o ka mea kālailai, a ma ka hope,ʻo ia hoʻi, ka cortex. Pinepine, ka wā hooloihiia waiū a hiki i ka ia odorant, ma ka cerebral cortex hana paakiki hotbed o ka pīhoihoi. Ma kēia mau wahi, i hiki, ano o ka honi kānāwai a me ka wā paku ole ia i nā stimuli. I kekahi manawa, ke manao ke lilo ka lolouila, a 'ōili mai, a hiki i ka wa e kaawale aku o stimuli. Ma keia hihia, ua hiki ke olelo o hallucinations a delusions.

me ka oiaio mākou hiki wale i aku nei au ia ina he mea ka hoʻololiʻana i kekahi kekahi dudima, ia aʻole e pili mai ka pokole o ka mea'ē aʻe stimuli, mai na stimuli a pau hana ma kekahi mau receptors.

I ka kumumanaʻo o ka ala pokole

Currently eia oi mamua o 10 tausani odorants. A pau o ia hiki ke Hoʻohui 'i loko o ehiku papa o ka puke Paipala i na mea ala:

• Flower.
• Ka mineta.
• Musky.
• Ethereal.
• Putrid.
• Camphor.
• Corrosive.

Inā he mea i ka läÿau, no kekahi mau mea ala, kona olfactory mea kālailai hiki ke ike me ka loa houʻono. Nā lātoma o nā waiwai i kapa hoʻohanohanoʻia kekahi kinona, e laʻa me, camphor ala he hoʻopoepoe lātoma, a me ka musk - he iwi kuamoʻo. Eia hou, ka mea, e like me ka uila kauoha: kekahi hiki i ka 'oluʻolu, a me ka mea' ē aʻe - io.

He nui theories i ho'āʻo e wehewehe i keʻano papa hana o ka pokole o ke ala. Currently, ka loa, he pono ole o ka stereochemical, i hākālia nō i kaʻili lahilahi mea loaʻa keena, he kahua o kekahi mau ano. Ka mea, oko i loko o kā lākou 'ole a me ka electrophilicity. I ka mea hiki ke hoʻomaopopo i ka puaʻa nā lātoma o ka kekahi shape a me ka nui e.

ʻano likeʻole olfactory kāna hana

Eia hou, i ka olfactory mea kālailai hoʻomohala i nā mea a pau mea i ka ia, hoi, hiki ke mālama i kekahi mau paewaewa a me deviations i loko o kāna hana:

• Anosmia mea he piha nele i ka hana, e ike ala.
• Hyposphresia - he ka ho'ēmiʻana o ka hohono.
• Hyperospheresia, ma ka mea ku ole, he mea ma ke kiekie olfactory pā lonoaʻili.
• Parosmiya characterizes lawa ponoʻole pokole o ke ala.
• 'Aʻe' ana o differentiation.
• Keʻano o ka olfactory hallucinations.
• Olfactory agnosia ua waiho i loko o ka hihia, ina he kanaka hiki ke honi, akā, hiki e ike ia.

It E e kaulana ia me ka elemakule he mea he gradual emi ma olfactory pā lonoaʻili. Olfactory mea kālailai mea,ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻomaopopo, ai honi oe i maopopo a me ka wikiwiki. ʻepekema manaʻo i ka makahiki 50 ma ke ano o ke ala srednestaticheskogo kanaka ua hoemi ma ka hapalua like ai i ka wa opiopio.

Olfactory mea kālailai a me ka makahiki hiʻona

Ka loa mua, i fetal kūpono 'ana o ka olfactory mea kālailai hoʻomaka i ka hana i kaʻike ākea pauku. Kēia, ua hele ma 8 hebedoma o? Acaeoey. Ma ka pau ana o ka hāpai keiki, e ia ka uku, ma ka hopena o 8 mahina, keia mea kālailai ka mea, ua maopopo i hanaʻia.

Kela manawa, mahope koke iho o ka hānau ke malama pono i ka keiki muli ala. Keia ua hoikeia mai ma ka palapala o ka lehalehu t ka neʻe 'ana, loli i loko o ka naʻau Muscle, naehana hanu ana, kino kūlana.

Ua mea ma ke ano o ke ala hoʻi i hāʻawe aoiaʻi oe i ka ke ala o kona makuwahine. Kēia sensory hui, kēia mea nui i ke keʻena o ke kahua o ka ai reflexes. Ke kiʻekiʻe, e like me ke keiki ulu, he mea ka hua o ka mea kālailai ka hiki e differentiate i ka ala. Ke fineness a me ka ikaika o kēia kaʻina maoli no 4 mahina.

Inā 'oe e hoohalike ai i ka hiki i ka ike a me ka differentiate mea ala i loko o nā keiki 5-6 makahiki o ka makahiki, a ma nā mākua, ka mea hiki ke olelo aku i ka la mahope mea nui kiʻekiʻe.

Mau mea i ka makahiki 'ano o ka olfactory mea kālailai. E hiki no hoi ke olelo e like me ka hopena o ke kahua hoʻonohonohoʻana aʻo hiki me ka nui loa hoʻoikaika ko lākou mau manaʻo no nā dudima, akā, paka ma ka pilikia o losing i ka oi o ka pokole, me constituent eiiiiiaiou o ka paka uahi i ka hopena maikaʻi 'ole ma o ka receptors. No hoi pinepine hoʻoʻino maʻi o ka nasal lua kokua e emi i ka mea ala.

Here mākou hookolokolo aku la ia i ka olfactory nenoaiu. Ke 'ole a me ka hana i ho'ākāka' ia me ka palena mamao accessibility. E hiki ke olelo me ka oiaio, i na makaukau a pau i nui no kanaka. Inā he mau pilikia i loko o ma ka liʻiliʻi loa hoʻokahi mea kālailai, a laila, ua hiki ke olelo aku i ka adequacy o ka pokole o ke ao nei ua hoemi, lilo nui ka waiʻona ma ke o ke ola. E malama no oe ia oe iho a me kou makaukau.