Partizan Kelemānia Aleksandr Viktorovich: makahiki o ke ola ana, Kawaihae, hoʻomanaʻo

He nui ikeia meʻe partisans o ke Kaua Honua II - Sidor Kovpak, Dmitry Emlyutin, Dmitry Medvedev, Zoe Kosmodemyanskaya, Alexander Saburov. About mau puke i kākau, Film documentaries a me ka hiʻona films. Akā, ma ka nui aouli o ka Soviet Union, komo i loko o ka oihana hana i loko o 1941-1944, hana tausani o nā koa nona ka inoa i nalowale i loko o mākou kahiko i hala.

I kekahi o kēia mau meʻe - German Aleksandr Viktorovich (1915-1943 GG.). Ma hope o kaʻohiʻohi na hunahuna o nā kūʻiʻo, e hai aku mākou i ka piha moʻolelo o ka guerrilla.

A pōkole (essay)

• May 24, 1915 - ka lā hānau o Aleksandra Viktorovicha Germana. Place o ka hanau - Leningrad (e - St. Petersburg).
• Puka 'o ia mai ke kula ehiku-makahiki, hana like me ka mechanic. Ma November 1933, oia hui i ka Red Army.
• 1937 - puka o ka Orel kapa kila Kula. 1940 - lākou i heluʻia i loko o ke koa Academy. Frunze.
• Mai ka loa hoʻomaka o ka Great Patriotic War, ia i malamaia me he scout ma ka ke keʻena luna o ka North-Western Front, ua hoonohoia ka wā hope luna o ke kīpoʻohiwi e brigade manao.
• Summer 1942 - ke ano o Mele Kelemānia Aleksandr lilo i ka luna o ka Apana Brigade o ka Leningrad guerrilla.
• September 6, 1943, make iho la i ke kaua ma ke kulanakauhale o Horrea Pskov māhele.
• Iloko o na makahiki o ka hana i hoike mai ia ia iho me ka wiwoʻole, a me ka luna loea strategist. Ua i ka puu o ka hoʻolilo 'ia', oia i posthumously i hookoia i ka inoa Hero o ka Soviet Union.

I mea no laila, maloʻo kani he manawa pōkole mōʻaukala o ke kīpoʻohiwi e Kelemānia. Next hooki i hou au mamuli ma kekahi o na mea o kona ola.

Ma mua o ka kaua

I haiia ae maluna,, ke Kelemānia hānau Alexander 05.24.1915, ma St. Petersburg, ke keiki a Lūkini kēia kanaka Kelemānia. Ka Makua, a me kona makuwahine, he mau limahana. Sasha ana puka 'o ia i nā makahikiʻehiku, a loaʻa hana i loko o ka locksmith ka Shop. Job wā e hiki mai partisans Hermann hui me ka ao, ia i puka 'o ia mai ke College avtostroitelny.

I ka makahiki 1933 ka mea i koho 'i loko o ka poe koa, ma hope a ke kanaka opiopio e moe ana i ka oihana koa' oihana, komo aku la i ka Orel pahu Kula. Here ia i aʻo i ka Soviet Union Kumukanawai, ka mōʻaukala o ka Communist Party, ka mōʻaukala o ka USSR, nā kaʻa mokulele, 'äina, holomua makemakika. Hooholoia pahu e hoohauhee ana i ka holo ana, a ua aʻo hakakā 'ana i kūpono, au i'ō i hakaka a me ka stroypodgotovkoy, hoʻomōhala physical ka ikaika a me ke ahonui.

Ma ka hopena o 30-ies o ka 20th kenekulia, i ka wā e hiki mai partisans Hermann, kona Kawaihae ua ho'ākāka 'ia ma loko o ka' atikala, mare ke kaikamahine Faina, ka mea, i ke keiki kāne, Albert, kona makuakane aloha pumehana, i kapaʻia Alyusik. Together me kana wahine a me ke keiki, oia hoʻoneʻe i Moscow, i loko o ke kanaka, ke kaiāulu keʻena ma luna o Bolshaya Dorogomilovskaya.

I ka 1940, ua lilo iho la i kekahi haumāna ma ka Frunze Koa Academy ma Moscow. He aʻo i ka uku. Wā e hiki mai Kelemānia partisans i loko o ka ua i ka pilialoha, a ma kona mau hoʻokoe manawa makemake e auwana wale ma luna o ke kūlanakauhale alanui, mōʻaukala Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Kamehameha.

E hoomalu aku i ka'āina!

Ke kaua i loaʻa iā ia i loko o ka lua o ka makahiki o ke Academy. waiho koke Alexander i kekahi palapala hoopii, e hoouna aku ia ia i ke kaua. Ma July 1941, hele aku la ia e mālama i kekahi scout ma ka akau-Western Front.

Akamai, pono-i hoomakaukauia ka, wiwoʻole, Major Herman koke hoʻohanohano iā ia iho i loko o ka hana, a ua hookoia i ka Papa Hanohano o Red Banner, i kona kino haawi i ke alo luna koa.

Ke koa alakaʻiʻana i ka bipi keiki luna o ka puu o ka Loaʻaʻia, a me ka mea i hoʻoholo e mai i pono ai iā ia me he kīpoʻohiwi e poe.

Omaka kīpoʻohiwi e ala

Ma June 1942, ua hoonohoia ka mea o ka meʻe o keia 'atikala luna o ka Apana Brigade o ka Leningrad guerrilla helu 100 kanaka pono ma. Pela i hanau i ke kaʻao guerrilla Kelemānia Aleksandr Viktorovich. Haalele i ka hope, hoomaka ae la oia ola piha o ka pilikia a me ka pilikia i ka hou.

i waeia i alii o ka limahana luna Krylov Ivan Vasilevich, ka mea a guerrillas Herman i mau hoaaloha. Good hoa a me ka hoʻopuniʻana hoʻi i ke kōkua, Brigade koa Krylov kōkua hoʻomōhala koke a me ka sabotage hana, kumumanao outings guerrillas, akamai ana.

An poʻokela luna o ka guerrilla mokuna

Partizan Herman, nona Kawaihae o ka noiʻi hoihoi i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka Great Patriotic War, lilo iho la kaulana me ke akamai, a me ka resourceful koa luna koa. He waiwai keia hana maalea. A pau i na manao e ulu ka mea, ua holomua. Kona manao, a me ke pio ana o tactical enemi pale, ka mea, ua e hoola i ke ola o kona poe kanaka, i ka mea, ua hoʻokiʻekiʻe loa. I huli ai oe, o ka poe koa, he nui leʻaleʻa o ko lākou mau luna no ka openness, oiaio, ke aloha, mahalo mai paha lakou ia ia no kona naueue ole, mea koʻikoʻi ia, hiki i ka hoike ano a me ka makemake, ina he pono.

Ekolu Leningrad kīpoʻohiwi e Brigade hoʻohana ma o ka Leningrad, Pskov, Novgorod a me Tver (laila - Kalinin) mau mea. Anuanu ululāʻau, ic ?? lehulehu, a me ka moorland kōkua mai i ka partisans reliably hūnā, pili koke hahau i ka enemi, i mea e hiki ke ekemu iki mai ia lakou me ka poʻina nalu, a kaumaha mea kaua.

Prior i ka hui ana Ekolu Leningrad kīpoʻohiwi e Brigade i loko o kēia mau wahi i noho aliʻi ai dominance o ka Nazis. Ke komohewa lawe pio aʻela i ka na kamaaina, hoomaewaewa aku la lakou ia mau mea, hōʻaʻa, a make iho la. hoomaka Hero mōʻaukala kīpoʻohiwi e Herman me ka mea ia ia a me kona poe kanaka hanaia mai i ka moʻo o kaomi hahau i ka enemi. I ka mooolelo manawa, a me ka palena haʻahaʻa kanaka pōʻino Ua luku eiwa Kelemānia nā pā kaua, he kanalima hoʻomalu aha hookolokolo, deflated derailedʻelima Nazi Loko i pepehi i ka puu o ka Manpower a me ka lako a pan o kaʻenemi.

Oia successes ua hooeueuia lakou i wale na guerrillas, akā, i kūloko noho, he nui no ka mea, hoomaka ae la e hiki mai ana ma ka Kelemānia paukū. Soon ua hoonuiia ka helu o kona nâ hui mai 100 a hiki i 450 kanaka ma ka hopena o ka 1942, aia hoi au i oi aku mamua o 1,000 guerrillas a me ka haule ana o ka 1943 - 2500 kanaka! Ua ua mua he oiaio formidable ikaika, a me ka paʻa o ke kanaka a i ka Mahele World War meʻe Kelemānia Aleksandr Viktorovich.

E piʻi like i ke kaua

Herman guerrilla pūʻulu Ua hoʻokuʻuʻia nā haneri o ka Luna Hooponopono o Novgorod, Pskov a me Tver wahi. Place i loko o ka Apana kulanakauhale o Staraya Russa, lalo a me Bezhanitsy Ua hoʻomaopopoʻia ia guerrilla huahelu.

Hero e lilo i kekahi o ka mea mua, e pili i nā nā kaʻa mokulele o ka poe ola, a me kaʻoihana kaʻa māmā kaua. Ma ka ha awina Herman meʻe?

• luku, e like me ka palapala, 9652 Kelemānia a me ka nui document- i hookupaa iho la ia poe enemi,
• hoʻonohonoho 44 holomua huakaʻi kui, ma a ka enemi lilo ka hailona no? ieaoa a me ka Manpower,
• puhi i 31 alahao alahaka,
• puhi haneri o nā aeeʻenemi,
• luku 70 township anoa
• 17 luku Nazi na pakaua,
• hoopakele mai ka noho pio ana a me ka noho kauā kuapaʻa, i loko o ka aihue ana o 35 tausani Soviet poe kanaka.

Partizan Kelemānia Aleksandr Viktorovich kona poe kanaka i ka hailona ana i hana pu me, kā lākou hana a ua hoailono aku la ma na mea he nui hoʻolilo 'ia'. Herman Ua hookoia i ke ano o ka colonel.

Ma hope 'enemi Airlines i hoʻolako pono me ke poʻo kumu

Ma waho aʻeo ia ka poʻokela kaua ano a me nā kaʻakālai talena, ke partisans Hermann, kona mōʻaukala ua ho'ākāka 'ia ma loko o ka' atikala i ka haawina o kaʻahahui i.

Mākou i mua i olelo ia ia, ua kuaiia na kanaka ola waiho ia aku ia ia i ka lokomaikai kiekie koa kauoha. He i hoohihiaia e pili ana pehea e e i ka loa oluolu ola e iai? Oaiaaou kona koa, a hiki i koa hiki i ke koena ma hope o ka luhi o ho'āhewa wale, a me ka hihia o ka hewa, e loaa pono mālama '. Nolaila, maluhia iho la i loko o ka nahele partisans Hermann noho nō naʻee: ka mea, i noho ai me ka palena haʻahaʻa, akā, ua pono iacia ma kekahi wahi kumu - i loko o nā Barracks, me ka paio hahana maoli nō, ke ke keʻena luna ua ke aupuni 'o ka paʻa hale ma luna o ka mokuna o ka brigade ua ma luna o lākou iho kukulu lumi kuke,ʻauʻau,' inikua kikowaena, a ieie-haukapila, aee.

Partizan Herman ua hoomaopopoia i kekahi e ole luku i kekahi mea o ka mea hiki ke kōkua i kona poe koa, e hoʻolilo i ka'ōlelo Nazis. Nolaila,ʻaʻahu aliʻi a me nā mea kaua i ua hoike ai i ka pelapela a ole wale, akā, na mea hoi ma ka lilo Nā Kia.

Guerrillas mahalo 'ia e hopohopo nei, a mai la no ia: "! He mau no ka brigade luna - i ke ahi, a iloko o ka wai" "! Mai mākou make me mākou luna",

Na international airport a alahao

Kupaianaha i loko iho, a me ka hookani implausible mau kūʻiʻo: Kelemānia partisans, kona kiʻi ÷ ike kona hamama wiwo Look, kūkuluʻia ma luna o ke kumu o kona noho Airfield, a E ke Kumu i ka Railroad!

Ua kūkulu wahi Airfield ka mea koa o partisans. Ma ka ulu lāʻau, oki ma akea ala hele, i Anati-mokulele hoʻomaulia, kupono i hoʻolako pono runway me ka pou me ka makaʻala loa, ho okumu i ka aeuiiai ieaia? No ka manawa kūpono o ka loaa nui amo mokulele. Palapala a me ka pelapela a ua, ua like. Ma kaʻenemi ka ho'āʻo 'ana e luku i ka Airfield guerrillas ia me ka uwila holo ho'āhewa wale. Pela ka mea, ua lukuia lakou ma ka Hitler kaʻaila nei i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Porkhov, Kelemānia aviasklady i loko o ka kauhale Pushkin Hills. E like me ka hopena, oiai ka wa o ka guerrilla waihona ipu Soviet Kekoa, e lele mau, haawiʻaʻahu aliʻi, ka ai, nā, e lawe i kaʻeha.

Mea moʻolelo, a haliu ae la i ke alahao. I kekahi o ka reconnaissance sorties soldaty- "Hermanovce" loaʻa peat alahao, ololi-moʻokūʻikena alahao me ka haalele locomotives, na kaa a me nā paepae ai. Ma kokoke nana ia huli mai i na mea a pau i loko o ka hana pololei ana, a hoomaka ae la na guerrillas e 'Imi hoʻohana i ka puali ololi moʻokūʻikena ma lalo o ka ihu o ka Nazis. Ke alahao heleʻano nui kuli marshland. Wale i kekahi māhele o ka mea i kokoke mai i ke overseeding noaioee, e noho mana ana ma na kēia kanaka Kelemānia. Guerrillas kēlā me kēia manawa, e hele ma keia pauku, ina e pono ai, i hoʻonohonoho 'ino ma luna o ke koa, a me ke aʻo' ia kēlā me kēia manawa ana i hele ai i ke keʻakeʻa nei.

Ho'āʻo 'o ia e luku paukū

Mai Mai manaʻo i partisans Hermann pu me mālie kona poe kanaka kaua ma hope oʻenemi laina. Na Nazis mau i hoao e pepehi i kēia nā koa.

Ma March 1943, e ku e Herman guerrilla pūʻulu Ua lawe mai nui-me ka unahiʻole punitive ana e na koa o ka 4,000 Kelemānia i na koa, a me na ilamuku, makani hoʻi ma ka poʻina nalu a me ka mea kaua. Ka mea, ua ka loa o ke kaua ana ma ke kauhale Rovnyak Porkhov Apana o ka Pskov māhele. Ma kaua pepehi oi ma mua o 900 Nazis luku 3ʻenemi pae 4 Exploded alanui alahaka 6 ua kuʻi mai poʻina nalu. Akä naÿe i ka nui lilo o Hermann kīpoʻohiwi e Nazis brigade nalowale 96 kanaka, 37 o lakou i make, 59 eha.

Ma May 1943, ka makemake e hana aku ai me ka partisans i loko o ka nahele o Leningrad, na kēia kanaka Kelemānia kiola ana ia i ka pau Infantry Māhele. Total Soviet meʻe hoʻomanawanui 19 kēia ho'āla kaua, i ka wā a ka enemi nalowale 1604 koa a me na ilamuku, ua ua puhi i 7 Loko 16 alanui, na alahaka a me 2 hi. Ma na kaua o na guerrillas pepehi 39 koa, a hana eha aku la 64.

Ma 'Aukake 1943, i kono ai i kēia māhele' āina, a luku nui kīpoʻohiwi poe ma Smolensk he kaulana akamai. Kēia i koke kiʻi o ko lākou mau scouts guerrillas Herman. ʻO wai lā ka mea? Pehea i keia pohihihi hoʻomalu? Manao Group, ua hoʻokumu 'ia ka fascist akamai hana like penei: he pio Soviet koa lawe aku i ko lakou mau aahu a me ke kamaa ole, e haawi mai i ka hanu ae la a'īlio aʻo, a lawe i ke alahele, a ia auoiaea punitive ma wahi guerrillas dislocation. Aʻaʻohe ala e pipi ana shag a hehi ala'ē aʻe kanaka hiki ole kikeke ia i ka ilio i ka mea ala. Ma hope o ka loaa ana i kēia 'ike, Aleksandr Kelemānia koke i hele mai me ka palapala kumumanao. Kona poe kanaka hoopio i ka " 'ōlelo", a ua paʻa ia ma ka ke keʻena luna o ka malu ala ma ke piholo maila, laila, i hoʻonohonoho' ia i kona e pakele ai, a me ka ala, noʻu. A pau ka ke Kelemānia a hele i ka nui ikaika ma keia alanui a hiki i ka ke keʻena luna o ka guerrilla, mines, o ka papa, exploded, a make iho la i ka pau fascist paukū me ka hookahi pana mai mākouʻaoʻao.

Ke Kaua o ka pūʻali. make ana o ka meʻe

I ka hoʻomaka o September 1943 Herman guerrilla brigade i hooukaia mai hou. Kēia manawa i ke kaua i wahi kokoke i ke kulanakauhale o ka hale papaa Novorzhevsky Apana o ka Pskov māhele.

Soviet koa luku i ka enemi, akā, i ae kaumaha ka pōʻino, ka uhaʻiʻana mai o ka encirclement. Ma kekahi kaua hahana maoli September 6, 1943 make heroically Aleksandr Viktorovich Kelemānia, poina partisans me ke poʻo palapala.

E like me ka memoirs o ke alahou ana Brigade Komikina, ku oia i punahele brigade luna,ʻelua hahauʻana, akā, papa mai olelo e pili ana ia, a me na koa, hoomau mai e pana aku ai. Ke kolu o ka eha a hiki i ke poo hoao iho ona. 28-makahiki-kahiko brigade luna koa i make.

Colonel ka kino i haawiia e pelane, a hiki i ka Soviet hope. kanu Hero i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Valdai Novgorod māhele 'āina, i ke ku okoa ana Square.

April 2, makahiki 1944 ma ka manao paa o ka Presidium o ka USSR Aha Soviet Colonel Germanu A. V. posthumously i hookoia i ka inoa Hero o ka Soviet Union no ka flawless hooko o ka hakakā poe mikanele o, ke koa a me ke koa.

Awards a me nā kuleana

Hsu partisans German Aleksandr Viktorovich i i hookoia.

• Gula Star kâlâ keʻokeʻo, i ua kumu kāki i ke kanaka i hookoia ka kiʻekiʻe loa inoa o Hero o ka Soviet Union,
• Lenin Papa no ka kūikawā hana maikai la mua o ka Soviet moku'āina a me ka hui,
• Papa Hanohano o ke Kaiʻula Banner no ka mea launaʻole ke koa a me ka selflessness i loko o ka paio e ku ei ka fascist komohewa,
• Papa Hanohano o ke Patriotic Kaua 1st loa no ka oihana koa ikaika lākou.

Ka paʻa o ka meʻe

September 7, Ua Kapa hou i ke 1943 Ekolu Leningrad guerrilla brigade ke kīpoʻohiwi e brigade o Herman - i loko o ka hanohano o kona nani luna koa.

Ke kulanakauhale Horrea ma luna o ka wahi ka make ana o ka meʻe obelisk. Street inoa ma hope ona i loko o St. Petersburg, Novgorod, Pskov, kulanakauhale o ka mokupuni a me ka Porkhov, Valdai. Ma St. Petersburg, a me ka stele like me ka paipai manaʻo hōʻailona Partizan Herman.

Ke kūlanakauhale Novorzhev i ka mea hoʻomanaʻo plaque i loko o ka hanohano o ka mea i make luna koa. Ua hoʻoholo i ka Apana mau hoʻoponopono ma luna o Sept. 6 - i ka Lā o ke kīpoʻohiwi e nani nei. Ke Holiday Ua hauʻoli no i kela makahiki i keia lā, a me ke komo ana o veterans, kanaka, nā haumāna.

Ka meʻe guerrillas Herman, nona Hawaii photo e nani ai kā nui plaques, ia mea he piha aupuni kūlana kŘkohu. He, i kona ola pōkole akā maikaʻi loa, me kona mau koa a me ka nui manaʻo kanaka laʻa na mokuna ma ka buke:

• "Make ole hoʻomanaʻo o nā koa," ke kākau Korneev N. P a me Alekseev OV, 2005 Edition.
• "German Aleksandr Viktorovich", hoʻoponoponoʻia e N. P. Korneeva, 1993 Edition.
• "Leningrad i loko o koʻu naʻau", ka mea kākau lilo i kanaka moʻolelo nūpepa NV Masolov, ka mea i hoʻohana mea no ka kākau Archive nā palapala, pilikino palapala o Herman, na Memories o kona mau hoa hana. Ka puke i paʻiʻia ma ka 1981.
• "Kīpoʻohiwi e brigade luna: na kanaka a me ka naue like." A puke me ka nānā 'ana ma archival mea i kākau ethnographer NV Nikitenko. Ua Ua paʻiʻia ma ka makahiki 2010. Ka mea, e haʻi ana i ka guerrilla hui ke hoʻohana i ka nui Patriotic Kaua ma ka ku panalāʻau o Leningrad a me Tver wahi.
• Memoir puke "Ku I a me Lokomaikaʻi" IV Vinogradov 1988 i ka makahiki o ka puke. Mea kākau kekahi mau manawa kino halawai mai me Aleksandrom Germanom.
• "Hermann mea he kime" ma ML mea kākau o ka alahou ana, a ua pono i malamaʻi, ma lalo o ka kaʻao guerrilla luna koa. Ka puke i paʻiʻia ma ka 1965.
• "Pskov guerrilla" - memoirs o kīpoʻohiwi e M. Voskresensky, luna o ka oihana pili aupuni o ka Leningrad Ekolu kīpoʻohiwi e Brigade. Book 1979 Edition.
• "No ka ola kino kumu", makahiki 1990 Edition. Kākau - kīpoʻohiwi e kauka V. I. Gilev.
• "Hoohiki iho guerrillas", 1985 Edition. Memoirs palapala Serguninym I. I., Hero o ka Soviet Union, he lālā koʻikoʻi o ka guerrilla neʻeʻana. Ka puke lyagla i kona kino i ka hoao ana, diaries o nā poʻe kaua, a me nā palapala nā palapala archival.
• "No ke aha la ka mea i kapaia" o ka makahiki 1985 Revised edition Ka mea kākau Ke Hablo E. P. a me Gorbachevich KS puke wehewehe i nā inoa o nā alanui, mokupuni, St. Petersburg mau mea.