Ke Life a me ka Make o Socrates

Life a me ka make ana o Socrates i koe o ka nui hoihoi ole wale no ka moʻolelo akā, no hoi no na mea he nui o kona mau admirers. He nui kūʻiʻo o keia thinker naue like a me keia la koe i ka mea pohihihi. Ke Life a me ka Make o Socrates uhi me kaao. Ua mea kekahi mea kupanaha mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i kekahi o na thinkers nui loa o nā mea a pau manawa.

Kumu o Socrates

Socrates - ka mea kaulana Athenian poe akeakamai, ka mea i i hookoia ke Kiure kia - Plato mauʻano. Ma ia, oia o ke protagonist.

Ua ua ike ia ka makua kāne o ka wā e hiki mai poe akeakamai, ua he stonemason (a sculptor) Sophroniscus a me ka makuwahine - Fenareta. Paha o kona makuakane, ua 'ano nui loa ia. Ke noiʻi i kēia hopena ma muli o ka mea e, ua kaua Socrates like me ka hoplite,ʻo ia hoʻi, e like me kaʻelemakule i mākaukau koa. I loko nō o ka waiwai o na makua, i ka poe akeakamai iho i i malama e pili ana i ka waiwai, a me ka loa ana paha ma ka pauʻana o ke ola.

conflicting kumu

Socrates hoakaka i kona ao wale nō i loko o ku una ano. Ua ike no ia, mai kekahi mau kumu, kekahi o i mea i maopopo kahi kiʻi, a me kona mau comedies o Aristophanes, parodies a me ka wā e ola ana. Xenophon a Plato i Socrates kiʻi i posthumous, a kākau i loko o ka laudatory ano. Mau kumu, naʻe, mai hoʻopili like i kekahi i kekahi, ma na mea he nui i ka mahalo. Apparently, Aristotle memo ka nānā 'ana ma luna o Plato. Nui no hoi na kākau i kele i ke aloha a me kaʻenemi, ua hoʻokumu hoʻi, e like me ka moolelo o Socrates.

Poepoe hoa kanaka o ka poe akeakamai, ke komo i loko o ke kaua

Ma ka outbreak o ka Peloponnesian War, ua ka poe akeakamai 37 makahiki. Mawaena o na kanaka me ka mea ana i olelo mai ai ia ia, he ka pilina mai o ka pōʻai o Pericles - sophist Protagoras, o Arekelau ke nä känaka 'epekema, mele Damon, e like me ka mea maikaʻi loa Aspasia. Aia ka hōʻike i ka mea i ike lea ia me ka poe akeakamai kaulana Anaxagoras. In Plato ka "Phaedo" Socrates nā kūkākūkā e pili ana i ka hāʻule pohō wale o ka manaʻo kōkua mai ka heluhelu i ka palapala o Anaxagoras. Mākou e hoihoi i loko o ka poe akeakamai hoʻomaʻamaʻa i loko o dialectic o Zeno a Elea, hope hele i ka haʻi'ōlelo o ka sophist Prodicus, a ua i aku i komo i loko o ka hakaka me Thrasymachus, Gorgias a me Antiphon. Socrates hoʻohanohano iā ia iho i loko o ke kaua ma ke kaua o Potidea, e pili ana i ka 432 BC. Hawaii., ka wā Delia (424 BC. E.) a me Amepipoli, (422 BC. E.).

Socrates - Delphic kahi e'ōlelo ai

A nui loa ka hoʻokahuli i loko o ka ulu ana o keia poe akeakamai ua i ua olelo hoolaha o ka Delphic kahi e olelo ai, "ka wisest o na kanaka." Kēia wahi a Plato ma "hoʻololi aʻe o Socrates". Delphic kahi e'ōlelo ai iā ia iho, manao iho la i ka puu e pili ana i kēia mau hua'ōlelo. He hoʻohālikeʻana ia ia me kona manaoio ana i ka mea ku ole, i ka mea, "ua ike wale ia ia e akamai iki." Poe akeakamai i hele mai ai i ka hopena i keia ka mea i ka wisest ia ia, e like me na kanaka e i ike i keia. I ka ike ana i ka nui o o ko lākou mau naaupo, a me ka naaupo o na kanaka o kekahi mau rula o Socrates 'haʻawina. Ma keia paipai mai olelo ia i kiʻi kālaiʻia ma luna o ka puka o ka luakini o Apolo ma Delphi. Kēia mau hua'ōlelo i: "Aole anei oe ia oe iho."

Socrates a me kālai'āina

By 423 BC. e ka. Socrates ua mua he koʻikoʻi kii, no ka mea, o ka mea i lilo i ka mea o satirical ho'āhewa wale ma luna o nā pono-ike Athenian comedians - Ameypsiya a me Aristophanes. Poe akeakamai ma nā loea kālai'āina, akā, i waena o kona mau hoa, he Alcibiades, Critias, a me Charmides Theramenes. Ka hope ekolu, he luna o ka kanakolu Wiliama lokoino, ka poe i hookahuli aupuni a ka lehulehu ma Atenai. A Alcibiades hele mai i ka hala me neia i kona aina, no ka pili aupuni opportunism. Aia ka hōʻike i ke kamaʻilio me kēia mau kanaka eha ma ka hookolokolo ana o Socrates.

I ka 406 BC. e ka. Mākou e hoihoi i loko o ka poe akeakamai ho'āʻo e pale kapu a koke haku i ka olelo papa kōnane mea i laweia mai ai i ka pono ma hope o lanakila ka Athenian'auwaʻa kaua i ke kaua o Arginusskih mokupuni. Ua ua iʻikeʻia i loko o 404 BC poe akeakamai AOON i ka noho luna ana o ke kanakolu Wiliama lokoino hoopahele ae la i Leontiev me Salami, i i komo i loko o kā lākou proscription kahua kaua.

Personal ola

Socrates, ia ia i mua i loko o wa elemakule, nākiʻi i ka knot me Xanthippe. I ka wahine i hanau i ekolu keiki poe akeakamai. He hiki i keia i ka lua o ka mare ana o Socrates. Poe akeakamai ua ilihune. Kona hana helehelena a me ka naau kupono i ua proverbial.

Ka hookolokolo ana a me ka make ana o Socrates

Socrates i ka 399 i ikeia'ku mua o ka pā hale ma luna o 'āhewa' ana o "hoino iho ia i ka wā'ōpiopio," a me ka "hewa." Pilikia palena pau o ka balota, oia i loaʻa hewa. I ka wā o ka thinker i i makemake i ka ae aku i kona hewa, a ho'āʻo mai i ka ninau hoʻokuewa wale 'ia kahi o ke kanawai, i ka make ana o Socrates ua hooholoia hou a oi i hiki mai ma ka hookolokolo ana.

Poe akeakamai ua i loko o ka hale paʻahao no ka mahina, a laila, i hooko aku la i ka olelo. Thinker lawe mai i ke kiaha o ka make (laau make). He inu ia, a me ka hopena ma laila ua hiki mai ka make ana o Socrates. Na hana o Plato like me ka "Phaedo", "Creighton" a "e hoʻololi aʻe o Socrates", a wehewehe e pili ana i ka hookolokolo ana, ma ka alo o ka poe akeakamai i loko o ka hale paʻahao, a me kona kanawai, immortalized ikaika thinker o ka hoihoi ia mai, no ka naueue ole o kona hoahewa ia.

I ka makahiki 399 BC. e ka. ua i ka make ana o Socrates. Year ka mea, ua pololeiʻike, akā, i ka helu hiki ole ke kapaia. Mākou hiki wale olelo aku i ka poe akeakamai make i loko o ka hopena o June a kakahiaka nui July. E like me ka hoike ana o na kākau ekolu o kahiko (Apollodorus o Atenai, i loaa ia Demeterio Falerskogo a me Plato), i ka manawa o ka make ana o kekahi thinker au i 70 makahiki. Ka Make o Socrates (ka uie kekahi hapanui hewahewa o kahiko kākau converge ma luna o ia) i hele ole mai maoli kumu. Ua hiki no i ka mea ana i inu ai i ka make. Ke kumu o ka make ana o Socrates, nae, nō ke hoala mai i na mea pohihihi iwaena o kekahi mau moʻolelo. Nui hope Plato ma konaʻano o "Phaedo" immortalized i ke kiʻi o ka poe akeakamai, i mea malihini i ka make ma ke ano maoli, akā, ma lalo o nā ana, he kanaka e make ana au. Eia naʻe, Plato iho ua 'ike' ia ma o ka make ana o kona kumu. He kino i i ike i ka make ana o Socrates. Plato wehewehe pokole ma luna o ke kumu o kona wā.

kikokikona 'āhewa' ana

Ke kikokikona o ka 'āhewa' ana e ku ei ka poe akeakamai, a i hoʻouna 'ia iā Hookolokolo nāʻana, mālama a hiki i kēia lā. No keia ia e hoomaikaiia mai ma keia wahi-ikeia kākau like Diogen Laertsky. He nona ka (essay) me ke kuleana "Ma ke akeakamai o ke ola", Ua haawiia i ka hapa mua o ka 3rd kenekulia BC. e ka. Ua nui ike Diogen Laertsky, ma ka huli, aie mai ka hana o Favorinus o Arles. Kēia kanaka i ka admirer o ke kahiko, a me ka poe akeakamai kākau moʻolelo. He wale nō noho i ka kenekulia mua, nae, ma ka Akä naÿe i Diogenes, au i ike kino i ke kikokikona o ka Athens Metroone.

Ke uie kekahi hapanui hewahewa o ka noiʻi 'aelike i ka mea o ka hopena o ka hookamaia ana o ka make i hele mai i ka'ōlohe wiwo make ana o Socrates. Eia naʻe, ua hiki ole ke ike pono pehea ia ua. O ka noho ana o ka make ana o Socrates - kekahi o ka loa hana hoihoi minute o kona 'oihana.

Ke ao ana o Socrates

Socrates me ke kumu, o ka hoomaikai controversial huahelu. Nō kāu, ke make lakou e hoahewaia oia, wehewehe aku i ka degeneration o ke aupuni a ka lehulehu. Akā, au pono e olelo aku nei i loko o 403 BC. e ka. Athens Ua hoihoi hou ia i? Eia i ua loa ai kupono a me ka humane. He hilinaʻi ma luna o ka loina o pili aupuni e pili ana, a me ka pololei hookoia. Ma keia hihia, a pau paipai i ka loa kaumaha a me ka pōhaku puna i kauoha Socrates ma "hoino iho ia i ka wā kamaliʻi". Eia naʻe, e hiki wale koho ka mea i manaoia ma keia. I Plato kaʻano o "Creighton" pili i ka hoomalu ana i ka poe akeakamai, mai kona hewa ana i hoopiia mai o "ke olonā wāwae i ke kānāwai." Loa paha ia, i kēia Hōʻike i ka aoao o Socrates ma ka wā'ōpiopio i ka manawa i manaoia hoouka ma ka loa kumu o Contemporary lehulehu.

Hoʻololi lehulehu kumu

Ke kanaka ui, ka poe i hele mai, a hiki mai ke kula makahiki, mai Homer ka manawa e kiʻi "luna hoʻonaʻauao" ma ke kamaʻilio me ka mua. He hoʻolohe iā ia ku una ha olelo a hoʻi me ka hana ana o na kumu. Ke'ī mai, i ka wā'ōpiopio, loaa ano o ka makua kamaaina wau. Mawaena o ka waiwai kālai'āina, ma ka huli, mai ia hanauna aku ia hanauna aku ma ki ina hana like o ka manaʻo o ke aupuni. Akā, ma ka manawa o Socrates ka ohana kaiapili Ua oki, e lawe mai i kēia mau hana. Ka mea, Ua hoolilo ana i kekahi Aha, a i loaa ia hana i ke kula, ua hoʻokumu ua hōʻike hewa no keia mea Socrates make ma hope o ia. Plato ka Academy ua i ka prototype o ka hui. Ma ke poo o ke kaʻina ua e imi naʻauao hui e a no hoemiia. Kēia kanaka i lawe mai ai i ka manaʻo o ka "oihana" hoʻonaʻauao 'ia' ana o ka 'Āpana Greece a me ka Ionian.

He aha ka ka pā like o ka 'āhewa' ana i loko o ka "hoino iho ia i ka wā kamaliʻi"

no ka mea, he e hana ma Atenai Socrates, he oi loa paʻakikī. I ka 423 BC. e ka. pono mau Comedy - Aristophanes ( "ao") a me Ameypsy (i malamaia Comedy "Conn") - 'ae' ia poe akeakamai, e like me ia i alakai i ka upstart kula, ma muli o - nā haʻawina o filial hookuli a me ka kūlana uʻi a kipi. Kēia manaʻo o ka hoihoi ia mai thinkers i 399 BC. e ka. Ua crystallized i loko o ka malama kaulana o Socrates ma "hoino iho ia i ka wā kamaliʻi". Inā mākou e huli ana i nāʻano o ka poe akeakamai haumana, ua loaʻa i ka mea, pinepine hoala i ka ninau: mua kupuna hoʻolele E hiki anei i ka pono o ka wā'ōpiopio, a me ka mea e aʻo ua hōʻike hewa e pono ai?

Socrates like me kaʻelele o ka Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo

ʻO hou ke kemu ma ka noonoo ana o ka moʻomeheu ana nou o ka hoʻoponopono ulia, e kokoke ana i ka hoʻomaopopo ke kumu mākou i ka dialectic o Socrates i ia mana. Ma mua kilohi, ia mea unclear ana e wehewehe i ka mea i no ka hanauna mau ua mau manawa o ka Helene akeakamai o Socrates, kona make ua hala loa Logical. A mamua o ka mea i na aʻo o ka thinker i ike i ka mea o ka make.

No ka maopopo i kēia, e pono e noonoo i ano o ka 'ōlelo i aponoia ma ka manawa o ka hanau ana o Socrates, a pehea ia hoʻololi hope. Athens aia ma ke kahua o ka pau 'ana o ka hoʻololi i ka palapala olelo o ka olelo ana. Kēia e loli ai, ma ka huli, a hiki i ka'ōlelo, e like me ka pono me boosted i nā hoʻololi i loko o nāʻano o ka ike paka i. Mau loli hiki ke hoakakaia me ka hoʻololi mai kiʻi i ka abstraction, mai poetry e Ana Aina, mai kilo i ka naauao ike. Oiai ka Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo noʻonoʻo me ka hou, kamahaʻo loaʻa. I Socrates i konaʻelele.

Ka "ao" o Aristophanes hoʻopuʻukahua poe akeakamai like me ka thinker Hōʻuluʻulu, poʻomanaʻo, 'o "myslilnyu" huli no "manao". No hoi, ka mea i hoʻolauna i ka manaÿo o ke kahuna, soaring i loko o ka lani, me he mea me nā ao. "Manaʻo" evoked akaaka ana wale no ka mea e. Ua E hoi e kaulana ia ma Aristofana Sokrat hoʻohana he hou ka olelo, olelo i ka Hōʻuluʻulu maopopo leʻa i, ma i manaʻo lawe shape ma i kamaʻilio.

Haumana thinker preoccupation me ka manaʻo o ka hoihoi ia mai, henehene iho la lakou ma Aristophanes, ua hōʻike mai iā ia me ka huli wehewehe no kekahi mauʻano o Hōʻuluʻulu manaÿo e like me "maikai" a me ka "maikai", e like me ke kaʻina hana o ka e pili ana i ka kūlike loa 'ōlelo, a me ke kōkua o ke a mākou hiki ka hoike i kekahi ka hoao ana, a me ka mea manaʻo ike.

Life, aʻo, make o Socrates - keia a pau a mākou i haʻi. Kekahi ke olelo aku i lōʻihi e pili ana i keia poʻokela poe akeakamai. E manaolana aku kakou i keia 'atikala ua ulu nō keʻano o kou kuleana no ia.