Planck ka kuhiakau: i ka hoʻomaka o ka quantum honua

Kēia 'atikala wehewehe i ke kuhiakau o Planck, i mea kona mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā, a pehea nui ka mea, ua ai no ka hooulu ana i kēia' epekema. Nō hoʻi e hōʻike 'ia o ka nui o ka quantization manaʻo no ka mea a pau microcosm.

Phone a quantum ke kālaikūlohea

ʻO kēia ao nei a puni mākou ka 'ike loea hou loa okoa mai nā mea a pau i ua kama'āina no kekahi haneri makahiki aku nei. A pau i kēia lilo hiki wale no i ka mea e ma ka wanaao o ka iwakalua kenekulia, ua lanakila lāua ma luna epekema i ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai, a ike mahope: i ka waiwai i loko o ka poe uuku a me ka unahiʻole mea ole ana. A au wehe i ke au o kona mea mahuʻi kupanaha kanaka - pono ai ka noho mau papa moku.

Kawaihae Planck

Kona inoa o: kekahi o ka physical ia a eia i, quantum helu kaulike, ka 'epekema kaiāulu i loko o Hawaii, he asteroid lua pele ma luna o ka mahina, he pokole telescope. Kona kiʻi i kahakahaia ma luna o ka malihini, a pai ia ma luna o A hehi ihola au, a banknotes. Pehea 'Aʻole kekahi kanaka i pono ai ka noho mau papa moku? He Ua hanau ia ma ka hapalua like-umikumamaiwa ke kenekulia, ke Kelemānia aliʻi ohana o ka uku 'ana. I waena o kona poʻe kūpuna ua nui loa maikai loio a me clergymen. M.Plank hoʻonaʻauao ua maikai, akā, physicists nā hoapili haole kapa ia "pakiko-aʻo mai". Walaʻauʻana ike o ke nä känaka 'epekema loaʻa mai nā puke.

Planck ka kuhiakau i hānauʻia mai o ka mea mahuʻi i ka mea, ua theoretically loko. ka mea, pilipu iho la " 'epekema mea no ka nui loa" loina i loko o kona' epekema 'oihana. Ma ka First World War Planck ho'āʻo e malama i hui 'ana me ka haole nā hoapili mai ka hoa paio Germany. Ke ana o ka Nazis loaa ia ia e like me ka luna hoʻokele o ka nui 'epekema kaiāulu - a me ke nä känaka' epekema imi iho la e hoomalu i ko lakou? Aaiuo, kokua, e hele wale aku no i ka poe i auhee ae mai ka? Eia. No laila, i ua ole ke kuhiakau o Planck ka mea wale nō kekahi no i ka mea i mahaloia. Eia naʻe,ʻo iaʻaʻole loa ke akea i'ōlelo mai e ku e ia Hitler, apparently kona hoʻomaopopo i ole pilikia wale iho, akā, no hoi e hiki i ka kōkua i ka poe i pono ia. Eia naʻe, he nui physicists i oleʻae keia oihana Planck, a oki iho la e like me ia. He he elima keiki, o ka muli loa a wale ola i kona makua kāne. Keiki hiapo, i ka mea mua, ka waena - ka Apana World War. Mau kaikamahine i ole ola ka nahunahu hanau. Ma keia hihia, wā kaulana i wale i ka hale, ua Planck ia ia iho.

kumu quanta

Mai ke kula haumāna hoihoi i loko o ke kānāwai lua o thermodynamics. Ua heluhelu ia penei: kekahi kaʻina ua mahuahua wale ka chaos a me ka poho o ka ikehu a me ka nuipa a. He ua ka mea mua, e formulate ia keia ala - ma ka hua'ōlelo o ka entropy, a hiki mahuahua wale i loko o ka thermodynamic nenoaiu. Hope, ka mea, o keia hana i alakaʻi ai i ke kuhiakau i ke kaulana Planck i ua kālaiʻia. He ua no hoi kekahi o ka poe hoʻolauna i ka moolelo e kaʻana i ka makemakika a me ke kālaikūlohea, kokoke e pili ana i ka paukuʻimi naʻauao no ka hope. Mua ia ia a pau na sciences maoli, ua hui, a ua hana i ka ho okolohua e hookahi keʻena hoʻokolohua, i ka mea, kokoke i ole oko mai alchemical.

Ke kuhiakau o ka quanta

ʻimi ana i ka entropy o ka electromagnetic a ale loko o nā hua'ōlelo o ka oscillators, a ma muli o ka mana ikepili loaa no ka mau lā ma mua o ke October 19, 1900, Planck epekema hoʻolauna kekahi haʻilula i makemake hope e kapaʻia kona inoa. Ua hoʻohuiʻia ka ikehu a me ke kōā o ka pāhawewe mahana (i loko o ka ke kaupalenaʻana hihia no ka blackbody). No ka mea e hiki mai ana po i kona nā hoapili ma lalo o ka lima o Rubens ho okolohua e hōʻoia i kēia kumumanaʻo. A o ka mea, ua pololei! Eia naʻe, e ho'āʻo theoretically Napuelua mai keia haʻilula kuhiakau, a pela pale aku mana loa type makemakika complexities Planck i ka ike i ka ikehu ua kinoea ole ana kahawai, e like me mamua, manao iho, a me ka kanaka i kauwahi (E = hν). Kēia hoʻokokoke ua huki ia a pau na notions o ka paa. Planck ka quantum kuhiakau revolutionized ke kālaikūlohea.

Ka hopena o ka quantization

Ma mua, i ke nä känaka 'epekema i ole e hoʻomaopopo ai i ka nui o kona loaʻa. No kekahi manawa, i ka haʻilula i hoʻohana wale piha iho ia me ke kupono ala e emi i ka helu o ka makemakika hana, e hoʻomaulia. I ka Ia manawa like Planck a me nā kānakaʻepekema hoʻohana i ke ana helu kaulike o Maxwell. Pioloke wale nōʻano loaʻa ka h, i hiki ole kahu ai, e haawi aku i ka physical manaʻo. Wale hope Albert Eynshteyn a me Paul Ehrenfest, heluhelu a pau kaʻike manaʻo hou o radioactivity a me ka ho'āʻo ana e imi i ka makemakika hoaponoia o ka'ōnohi spectra,ʻike ihola i ka waiwai o ka mea Planck kuhiakau. Ua ua olelo mai ia i ka olelo ma i ka haʻilula i hoʻokō mua ka quantization o ka ikehu, ua weheʻia ke au hou o ke kālaikūlohea. Paha, Einstein i ka mea mua, e hoʻomaopopo i ke kumu mai. A ka mea, ke i kona ai hoi.

He aha ka quantized

All Hawaii i hiki ke lawe ia ma kekahi kula haʻahaʻa (particles) e discrete. Electronic trapped hiki ke noho wale i kekahi pae. Excitation'Ātoma like me ka kekahi kaʻina - ea puka ia lŘlŘ oi ole. Kekahi electromagnetic a AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN - ka hoonohonoho hou ana o photons o ka ikaika kūpono. Ka ikaika o ka'Ātoma o ka manaʻo kanaka curbed wale ma ka hoʻomaopopo i ka discrete ano o ka ikehu pae. Hopefully, Ano, i ka mea heluhelu, e ole i ka nīnau, i mea ke kuhiakau o Planck, a me ka mea kona hopena ma luna o ka mea o kēia au nei, a 'o ia hoʻi i kela a me keia o na kanaka.