Puke "Heart o ka Dog": i ka moolelo o ka honua nei a me ka naue

Puke "Heart o ka Dog", ka mōʻaukala o ka honua no i ua hōʻike i loko o kēia 'atikala - kekahi o na hana kaulana o Lūkini kākau o ka hoʻomaka o ka XX kenekulia Mihaila Afanasevicha Bulgakova. Moʻolelo kākau i loko o ka makahiki mua o Soviet mana, loa pololei noonoo i ka naʻau i loko i lanakila ma ka hou lehulehu. A mea ia i papaia e like, e kakau a perestroika.

I ka moolelo o ke kākau 'ana i na hana e

Puke "Heart o ka Dog," i ka moʻolelo o ka honua i originated i loko o ka makahiki 1925, i kākauʻia e Bulgakov i loko o ka pōkole makahiki. Just ma luna o na malama ekolu. Maoli ai, me he sensible ke kanaka, ka mea, he poe paulele kapekepeke i loko o ka mea ana e like me ke huahana hiki ke pai ia. No laila, ka mea, ua wale hoʻopau ma na kahua kaua, a uaʻikeʻia wale nō i kona mau hea ka hoa a me nā hoa.

I ka lima o ka mea Soviet aupuni mua i hele mai i loko o 1926, ka puke "Heart o ka Dog." Ma ka mōʻaukala o keia aniani i kakahiaka nui Soviet hoʻokani nae i ke kūlana o ka GPU, i loaʻa ka mea, i loko o ka huli ana o ka mea kākau moʻolelo ma 7 May. Ka puke Ua confiscated. I ka moolelo o ka "Heart o ka Dog" Ua mai ua pili loa ua hoʻopili i ka Soviet huna makai palapala. A pau i loaʻa kikokikona me ka luna hoʻoponopono i kēia manawa i loaʻa i ka noiʻi a me ka palapala, ai 'kiʻiʻoniʻoni. Ka mea, hiki ke loaʻa i loko o ka Russian State Library. Lakou i waiho i loko o ka moʻolelo i kākau lima 'Oihana. Inā ka mea, pono kālailai i ka mōʻaukala o ka "Heart o ka Dog" ma Bulgakov ala i loko o ke alo o kou kino.

Hoʻopaʻi hana i loko o ke Komohana

heluhelu kauoha aku i kēia hana i loko o ka Soviet Union ua unreal. Ma ka USSR, ka mea, ua haawi wale nō i loko o samizdat. ike i ka moolelo o ka "Heart o ka Dog" a pau, no laila, he nui ho'āʻo i ka heluhelu ia, i mohai i ko lakou hiamoe. Ma hope o ka palapala i hooholoia no ka pōkole manawa (pinepine wale no kekahi po), ma ke kakahiaka ia, ua, e haawi aku i ka kekahi.

Ho'āʻo 'o ia e kakau i kekahi pepa (essay) Bulgakov ma ka West i lawe pinepine ae la oia. hoomaka iho la ma kahi e aku i ka moolelo o ka puke "Heart o ka Dog" i ka makahiki 1967. Akā, ka mea i hiki mai ai i kina ole. Ke kikokikona Ua mānewanewa koke a me ke aliʻi. Ka mea kākau moʻolelo o ka wahine kāne make Elena Sergeevna Bulgakova uaʻike nōʻo ia i nā mea a pau,ʻaʻole. I ole ia, ka mea hiki ke kaha i ka pololei o ka kikokikona moʻolelo "Heart o ka Dog." I ka moolelo o ka hanaia'na o ka hana i loko o ka Western hoʻopuka puke hale o ia ka mea, loaa ae nei i loa paʻewa ai puke.

No ka mea manawa mua ia i paʻiʻia kauoha aku i ka makahiki 1968 ma ka German Magazine "maka", i ua me ka nānā 'ana ma Frankfurt. A me kekahi i loko o ka Magazine "Student", a hua mai la Alek Flegon ma Lākana. I ia mau lā, ua he unwritten rula e like me ia i loko o ka hihia o ka lehulehu ākea o oe wale aku no kona puke i loko o ka'āina akomi i hiki ole. Oia ua i ka mōʻaukala o ka mea i hanaia, a "Heart o ka Dog" ma Bulgakov. Hōʻike i loko o ka Soviet hoʻopuka puke hale laila, ua pono unreal.

Ka mua puke o ka'āina

Wale mahalo i perestroika a me ka glasnost Lūkini heluhelu i loaʻa na mea he nui o na ki hana o ka XX kenekulia. Me ka "Heart o ka Dog." Mōʻaukala o ka hanaia'na, a me ka naue like o ka moʻolelo o ia mea ma ka hale o ka hana i paʻi mua i ka 1987. A i loko o ka Magazine "Star".

Eia naʻe, ua mālama lākou i nā kumu a pau i ka hookahi paʻewa ai kope me i ka moʻolelo i pai wale aku no. Hope, ka noiʻi oaeuiinoe ia mea, na ma ka liʻiliʻi loa hoʻokahi tausani aohe ahailono, a me nā misstatements. Naʻe, i loko o keia palapala a 1989 ka mea i pai ia "Heart o ka Dog." I ka moolelo o ka pōkole hiki pono ma luna pono o kekahi mauʻaoʻao. I ka mea, makahiki i hala ma mua o ka moʻolelo hiki i ka mea heluhelu.

kikokikona kikokikona

I paʻipaʻi i kēia pōʻino inaccuracy ike kanaka noiʻi o kaʻike hoʻokumu Bulgakov, kuhia kikokikona a me ka palapala, ai 'manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni Lidiya Yankovskaya.

Ka mau-buke paiia o ka wae hana o Bulgakov , oia mua paʻi i ka palapala kikokikona like, ua ike ia i keia la. No laila, ka mea i kākauʻia e Bulgakov ia iho i loko o ka "Heart o ka Dog." I ka moolelo o ka moʻolelo, e like me mākou i ike, uaʻAʻole maʻalahi.

Ke kuka o ka moʻolelo

na hana o ka hana i wahi i loko o ke poʻo i ka makahiki 1924. I ke kikowaena - he kaulana surgeon, 'epekema luminary Filipp Filippovich Preobrazhensky. Kona papa kuhikuhiE noiʻi e kālele ana ma luna o ka rejuvenation o ke kanaka kino. Kēia, ua loaʻa launaʻole i ka pomaikai. No kona kūkā a me ka hana i ka mea, ua palapala kokoke i ke kanaka mua o ke aupuni.

I hou haʻawina, oia hoʻoholo ma luna o ka kāʻeʻaʻeʻa hoʻokolohua. Transplant i kekahi kanaka'īlio pituitary. Like mana holoholona e kohoʻike mau iwilei ilio poepoe a somehow kui hoʻi, no ka mea, ma luna o ka waho. Hopena lilo literally hoʻolele hauli. A pōkole manawa ma hope, hoomaka ae la Ball e huli i kekahi maoli kanaka. Naʻe, i ke ano, a me ka ike paka i ka mea i lilo mai, mai ka'īlio, a ma luna o ka inuʻana, a snapper Klima Chugunkina, ka mea nona ka pituitary gland.

Ma mua o ka moʻolelo i māhele wale nō i loko o nā hana koʻikoʻi a hanohano i waena o Kumu, akā koke pūnāwai i ka ahakanaka. Aʻu i aʻo e pili ana ia i ke kūlanakauhale a pau. Hoopahaohaoia'na nā hoapili kāheaʻia mahalo a me ka Ball hōʻike kauka mai ma ka aina. Akā maopopo mua Filipp Filippovich mea i ka hopena, e e weliweli i kēia hana.

hoopahaohaoia'na Ball

Ia manawa, ma o ka mea poepoe, a huli i ka piha kanaka maoli, e hoʻomaka e i ka hopena maikaʻi 'ole ma o ka Communist activist Shvonder inoa. Mai ka mea, me kėia, i ka proletarian, i hooluhi mai ka bourgeoisie, na poe e Kumu Preobrazhensky. Ia mea me kēia mea, ke ahaʻia, a kaua aku la i ka OctoberʻOiʻenehana.

Ua haawi mai ka meʻe Shvonder palapala. He hou Ball, a Polygraph Polygraphovich kala. Kuni ihola ia i ka hana i loko o ka hana no ka hopu a me ka luku ana i heleʻauana holoholona. Mua o nā mea a pau, ia mea, o ka papa, hoihoi i loko o nā pōpoki.

I alakaʻi ai Shvonder a Communist propaganda moʻokalaleo lei hoomaka hawawa koʻu Kumu. Koi 'ia e aaeno lakou iho. E ho'ōla i palapala mai i ka denunciation o kauka i haliu ae la ia, mai kekahi ilio i loko o ke kanaka. Na welau a pau i loko o nä Temepela. Preobrazhenisky ka mea hiki ole tolerate ia, a no hoi, e hana ana i ka nana e hoole ana, hoi mai i ka ilio Sharik pituitary. He e ho'ōla haalele i kona kanaka helehelena, a hoi aku la i ka brutishness.

pili aupuni satire

Kēia huahana - he vivid laʻana o ka pahikaua kālai'āina satire. Ka loa, he pono ole ka hoohalike ana hoi, ua pili i ka manaʻo o ka proletarian ike paka i hoala mai la i ka hopena o ka OkatobaʻOiʻenehana. Ua mea poepoe nei mea he allegorical kiʻi o ka panina lumpenproletariat, ka mea, ua loaa ka palaka nui helu o nā pono kīvila, e ua hoomaka ana e hoike mai i ka hoʻokahi wale nō kanaka p', pono.

I ka hope loa hopena o na kanaka haku moʻolelo Sharikova nana foregone ka hopena. Kēia, e like me na mea he nui noiʻi, Bulgakov wānana wā e hiki mai nuipa repressions o na 30s. E like me ka hopena, ka mea, loaa iho la na kupaʻa Communists, ka mea i hoʻolimalima i ka lanakila i loko o ke kipi. E like me ka hopena o ka infighting o ia i pana aku ai, a me kekahi deported i na poe hoomoana.

Ka ua hōʻike pū invented Bulgakov, he nui heʻimi hoʻopunipuni.

Kala - he Stalin

Aia i kekahiʻano o ka moʻolelo. Kekahi noiʻi manaʻo ia mea, uaʻoi he pili aupuni satire ma luna o ka'āina o ka alakaʻi, a ua hana i loko o ka hapalua like 20s.

Sharikova prototype ma ka maoli ola o Iosif Stalin. Aʻole e hiki wale mai ia nā "Iron" ohana inoa. Hoole i ka inoa mua o ke kanaka transplanted ilio pituitary - Klim Chugunkin. E like me ia i kēia moʻokalaleo, ka prototype o ka hoopahaohaoia'na Kumu ua he alakaʻi o ke kipi, Vladimir Lenin. A me kona mau kānaka kōkua ma Dr. Bormental i mea mau i loko o kue me ka mea poepoe - o Trotsky, nona maoli inoa - Bronstein. A me Bormental a me Bronstein - Iudaio i kapaia.

He prototypes no nā huapalapala. Hope Preobrazhenskogo Zina - o Zinoviev, Shvonder - Stone a me Daria - Dzerzhinsky.

Soviet censorship

Nui kūlana ma ka mōʻaukala o ka hanaia ana o keia apana hoʻokani ma ka Soviet censors. Ma ka Edition mua o ka puke, he pololei i maopopo nä haumäna e pili huahelu o ka manawa.

Bulgakov i loko o kona naʻau i manaolanaiaʻi, e hoolaha ia. A hiki i ka mea, a hiki i ka Alemanaka "Nadra". Akā, mai laila ka mea hoʻoholo i ke hoouna aku i ka proofreading ma Glavlit, a nona hoʻi e hoapono i ka maʻiʻo o ka Magazine. A ka mea, ua manao unreliable me ka luna hoʻoponopono.

hina iho la kekahi o na kope o ka palapala i loko o ka lima o ka Kamenev, i kau mai ai ka ikaika pāpā ma ka puke o ka puke, e kahea ana ia "Heʻoi pepelu ma ka makana." hoomaka ae la ke samizdat hana e hohola ma luna o nā lima wale mai na 30s. Kaulana me ka mea a pau aina i loaa ia nui hope - ma perestroika