Russian kākau moʻolelo Aleksandr Ivanovich Kuprin: ke ola a me ka hana, hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo

Au ua loaa ia kekahi mau hanana nui Aleksandr Ivanovich Kuprin, kona ola a me ka hana i piha me ka hana keaka hanana i loko o ke ao nei ua hooko. Kana hana ana i ka ia i ka pomaikai e like me ia o ko ano o poʻe heluhelu, e like me ka 'Oihana. He nui nā moʻolelo Kuprin e hae ka palapala, ai 'ano moʻokalaleo, e like me "ke kāpena Rybnikov". Ma nā manawa a noho hanohano e like gems mai o ka waihona waiwai o Lūkini moʻokalaleo like "Garnet kūpeʻe", "Shulamith", "Olés", "Listrigony," Junker "- a pau mai i helu aha i heluhelu i keia mau keiki e like moʻolelo like. " The White Poodle " ! Alexander Kuprin ma ko makou aina mai ka io lahui iaia.

Wā kamaliʻi a me ka adolescence

Ka wā e kākau moʻolelo i hānau i loko o August 1880 ma ke kaona liʻiliʻi o Penza'āina a pau. Kona makua kāne - He nīnūnē kūhelu, make iho la ia i kana keiki ia māhunehune o ka makahiki mua. Mother hiki oleʻoi ka uuku Alexander, no ka mea, i ole i lawa ka ke kālā, a hāʻawi akula ia i ke keiki i loko o ke kula keiki makua.

Alexandrov School ma Moscow,ʻaʻole koe wale bleak Memories. Here mākou i hele ai adolescence a me ka wā'ōpiopio, i ka bipi kanaka yunoshestkaya mua hana hoʻonanea, ka palapala, ai hana, a ma luna o nā mea a pau, mai ka mea i ke kula loaa Alexander Kuprin - hoa.

Moscow ua maikai a me kā lākou mau patriarchal oihana, kona mau kaʻao, ua piha oia me ka uuku-kūlanakauhale haʻaheo (eha ma ka Rights o ke poʻo!), Me kona kūloko kaulana a, eccentrics. ke kulanakauhale o ka helehelena ua kōna, aʻaʻohe'ē aʻe hana ole.

omaka kākau

Haʻawina Kuprin i kekahi 'ano piha hoʻonaʻauao:' ōlelo - Russian, Palani, Kelemānia. Ke kālaikūlohea, makemakika, mōʻaukala, a me ka hana kemika moʻokalaleo (moʻokalaleo). Eia ka mea hou, a ua lilo ia i awa no ke ola no ia. Eia ma ke kula, a me kona mau mua moʻolelo i kākau - ", Paʻi o ka Lūkini satirical" "Ka Last Debut", paʻiʻia hookiokio aku wela i loko o ka

Kuprin ua incredibly hauʻoli, nae hoolilo no keia hana i loko o ka cooler (paʻi puke, akā, ke keiki Kuprin i pāpā me ka ike ole o ka luna o ke kula i ole i keia, aka, no ka nele o ka ike o ka pā ola, a huli hoopaiia).

Eia hoi, he piʻi wale kākau moʻolelo ua mua papa hoʻokuʻu mai ke kula, a ua kohoia e lawelawe ma ka hema-palena komohana o Rusia, he loihi moku'āina kūlanakauhale o ka manao ka mea, i brilliantly i ho'ākāka 'ia i loko o ka moʻolelo "Reuʻela," a me ka moʻolelo "Ka Wedding".

Hana ma luna o ka'āina o ka palena

Material no ka maikaʻi, paʻakikī-eo a i ka hopena o na hana, e like me "ninau", "Bed" a hoomaka ae la kekahi poe e hana ma luna o ka mokuna. Naʻe, ka mea kākau moʻolelo i manao seriously e pili ana i ka 'oihana palapala, ai' haʻawina. Ka mea, ua pono e kuai lawa no keia ka ho'āʻoʻana, a no laila, paʻiʻo ia i loko o moku'āina nupepa, a me ka moʻolelo "Ma o ka pouli" i loko o "Lūkini waiwai" Magazine.

I ka 1890 Kuprin, kona ola a me ka hana mea e uhi me ka limu i loko o nā boondocks e, halawai koke me Chekhov a me Gorky. Ua pâʻani 'o ia i ka haku i ke kūlana nunui i loko o ka hopena o Kuprin. Maoli ai, Alexander Kuprin hana lakou i kuaiia i kaena, a hiki hou - kā lākou mau manaʻo, a me Chekhov aneane idolized.

Ka papa kuhikuhiE theme like

'Aʻole nö hoʻi kekahi o nā kumu a me ka mea nui kumuhana i lifelong ana o ka mea kākau Alexander Kuprin, - aloha. Ku I Ka, mai ka 'aoʻao o kona Aina, pololei malamalama keia ano, ma ka hōʻike i loko o kona maikai hoikeana, manawa alohilohi, mau lono kaumaha, me ka loa mau' ia (no ka laʻana, "Lilac Bush" - keia amazingly nani moʻolelo o ka mana o ka manaʻo o ka "makana o ka Magi" ma O. Henry, kahi mea a pau welau a pono, koe wale no hilahila-luna o ka meʻe no kona wahi hoi i ka hoopunipuni). All maoli moʻolelo like Kuprin Aleksandr Ivanovich, Kawaihae e kokua ho okumu ana.

"Olés"

Ka mea mua i lawa ka nui a me ka mea nui ka hana malaila i ka 1898. Kēia moʻolelo "Olesya" - kaumaha, me kekahi melodrama, malamalama, pilialoha. Ka honua maoli o ka heroine - ka uhane aloha i kue ai i ke kanaka o ke kulanakauhale nui, a me ka ikaika. Maoli ai, loko noho kauwa ole ana, ka naau kupono Olesya huki protagonist wikiwiki ma mua o ka Mākēneki'āpana o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia.

Craven aloha ua ikaika ma mua o ka uhane waiwai, aneane pepehi i ka maʻemaʻe a me ka ikaika kaikamahine. I ka laulā o nā lawelawe a me ka nohona kuʻuna ke hoʻololi, me keia hana he maoli kanaka me Olesya, akā, i kēia kekahi Kuprin ole ae. O kekahi ano kiʻekiʻe o ke aloha hiki ole hoola i ka uhane e like ai i ka lukuʻia ka noho. No ia mea, kiʻekiʻe wahi o kēia moʻolelo maikaʻi i Kuprina Aleksandra Ivanovicha ola ao mai la ia wahi, a ike i ka malamalama a me ka malu, ka mea a pōhina i.

"Garnet kupee"

Ma ka hapanui o maʻamau o aku o ka lanakila, ka mea kākau moʻolelo imi a loaa i na kanaka, o kona pulakaumaka nui me ke ano kiʻekiʻe o ka hana, e ala hou ma luna o ka Aina, o ke ola, a hiki ma ka moeʻuhane. Ua haawiia i ke ano o ka "uuku kanaka", Alexander Kuprin, kona puke e heluhelu ka makeʻe, Heʻoiaʻiʻo, e hana i nā mea kupanaha. Ua huli kuprinskomu "wahi" kanaka ano maalea, puliki aku la ke aloha, Ka Ho 'Oponopono a me ka walohia. O ka hana mana, he haawina kupanaha. O ka make, oia ho'āla anei lākou i ke aloha no ke ola, e lanakila ka make. A me ke mele, ke mele, Ua reborn ka uhane. Ua kani i loko o kēlā me kēia lālani, neʻe mai ke anu i ka reverent contemplation no e manao ana ke ao nei.

Oiaio platonic aloha inevitably lono kaumaha. Chastity huapalapala he constructive makakū mana. Mau huapalapala hou mua heluhelu like Kuprin i ike ke ola a me ka hana a mākou i kaʻi aku iā lākou i loko o ka honua lokoʻino, imi e uhai i ka fragile uhane. Ma keia hihia, kokoke manawa he mea kekahi underestimation o ka meʻe iā ia iho, e manaoio ana ma ka pono o ka'āina hoʻoili o ka wahine ka mea makemake i ka pau ana o kona kino. Aka hoi, o ka ka manaʻo pohihihi o na wahi, i hiki, a me ka hana keaka i loko o ka hopena, aole e waiho i ka mea heluhelu ke ano o ka despondency, na koa, ka poe i lawe mai i ka mea heluhelu Alexander Kuprin, kona puke loa - loa ia e olioli loa, loa optimistic. Light manao ma hope o ka lōʻihi manawa heluhelu nae, aole i haʻalele i ka mea heluhelu.

"Ka White Poodle"

Kēia moʻolelo, paʻi i ka 1903, ma ka mea kahiko hui, grinder, ke keiki Seryozha a me kā lākou mau hana pono ilio - he poodle Arto a me ka mea kākau i kapaʻia - "The White Poodle". Alexander Kuprin, like no laila, pinepine, i ka moʻolelo sketched mai ke ola. Ma kona dacha pinepine hele poe hoaai - Artists, e perekhozhie kanaka, malihini a me nā mea a pau Kuprina privechala ohana, hānai awakea, a haawi aku la i ka inu kī. Mawaena o na hoa, he hookahi ke kanaka kahiko a me ka hurdy-gurdy, he acrobat, a me ka meaʻuʻuku keʻokeʻo ilio Post doctorate. I ka ka mea, nana i hai mai i ka mea kākau moʻolelo e pili ana i mea hiki ia ia.

Rich lede Koi ikaika i kuai ai i kona wahi poodle, kaili, a capricious keiki, nā mea hana keaka, o ka papa, hoole. Ka wahine ua huhu, hoolimalima kekahi kanaka e aihue i ka ilio. A me Sergei aa ai mamua aku i kona ola i freeing punahele Artoshku. Kuprin moʻolelo mea hana hoihoi i loko o ia moʻolelo hoopuni hui pū elua o kana punahele Halaman - nohona like ole a me ka disinterested aloha, aloha no na holoholona, mālama no ia. No laila, pinepine i ka mea kākau moʻolelo kahi o ka hana, e like me ia i olelo mai ia ia iho Kuprin Aleksandr Ivanovich Kawaihae.

"Ka Reuʻela,ʻo ia"

Iloko o ka hana, he lua lutanela i loko o ka 46th Infantry Regiment, a me ka Dnipro Hapai iho, a ae aku Alexander Kuprin "ka Reuʻela,ʻo ia." City Proskurov ma ka mea āna i mālama ai, hoopuni recognizable i loko o kēia moʻolelo. Ma luna o kona hoʻomaha, hoomaka ae la i ka mea kākau moʻolelo e systematize lākou disparate mooolelo. I ka wa i pau ai ka moʻolelo, e hoonani i ka Maxim Gorky, kahea nani a me nā mea a pau manaʻo a me ka hoʻopono luna e hana i kekahiʻaoʻaoʻelua manaʻo.

No hoi A. V. Lunacharsky hoʻolaʻa e "ń" 'atikala ma "Pravda" ma o ka haule ana o ka 1905, ma loko o nā alanui o ka theme like, a me ka kaila o ke kākau' ana ua hoʻokipa, i ka'īʻana e pili ana i ka nani 'aoʻao o ka moʻolelo Kuprin, a mea he akamai i ka olelo hoopii i ka poe kaua, a, e lohe i na luna kou mau leo neporugannoy hanohano.

Kekahi, e hoohuli o "Reuʻela,ʻo ia" Paustovsky ka inoa o ka mea maikaʻi i loko o ka Lūkini moʻokalaleo. Akā, he conflicting ka loiloi 'ana. like ole a pau me ka CSKA ike maopopo i hoikeia mai Alexander Kuprin (i ke ola a me ka hana pono aku la ia ia i ole kākau i ka'ōlelo a me ka wahahee). Eia naʻe, ua hae General Geysman ua hoopiiia oia i ka mea kākau moʻolelo o ka alapahi, inaina no ka poe koa, a hiki i ka hoao kālai'āina nenoaiu.

'O kēia kekahi o nā hanaʻano nui o Kuprin e pili ana i ka mōʻaukala o ke kaua ana o kekahi keiki lutanela Romashov he luna kula kiʻekiʻe' i loko o ka huakaʻi. Dute,? Eou, vulgarity luna ke kaiāulu kanaka, - a pau kūpaʻa ke ola Kuprin moku'āina regiment, kipaku mai ka opiopio pilialoha worldview a - hou! - makana, e kala ana, a me ka hulina, pakiko-e kaumaha ana ke aloha.

Ka mua paiia ana o ka puke i paʻi me ka hoolilo Maksimu Gorkomu, e like me nā mea a pau me ka loa hao wale mai, a me ka loa hoʻi i loko o ka moʻolelo hooholo kona hopena. Akā, i ka moʻolelo i ole makemake Chekhov, a me kona naʻau i loko pilialoha - ka oi aku ma mua o Kuprin ua kokoke Puzzle a me ka naʻau.

Ma ka Akuma ka ana o keia makahiki i ka mea kākau moʻolelo lilo ma Balaklava i loko o ka Crimea, kahi āna i heluhelu ma ke aloha ahiahi Nazansky monologue mai "Reuʻela,ʻo ia". Balaklava - i ke kulanakauhale o ke koa, a ma ka pepeiao o ka manawa huli mai ia e ka hailona. Wawahi mai i ka nui nä Temepela, a kokua hoʻopio aku i ka poʻe luina Kelemania e, Lutanela P. P. Shmidt, i ka mahina hope alakaʻi i ke kipi i ka cruiser "Ochakov". Ka mea kākau moʻolelo i firsthand ruthless luku mai o ka poʻe hao wale o ke aupuni, a ua ho'ākāka 'ia ma nā kipi kēia mau hanana ma ka hoʻouna palapala i St. Petersburg, i ka nupepa "New Life". I loko o keia Kuprina, mai Balaklava hoouna aku i na hora he kanaha-ewalu. Akā, ua hiki ke hoola mai i ka ino o na mau luina, mai ka "Ochakovo" o ka mea kākau moʻolelo. Kēia kipi laila nani moʻolelo i kākau: "enuhe", "poe kanaka nunui mai" kupanaha "Gambrinus".

ka mea kākau moʻolelo o ka ohana

First wahine ua Maria Kuprina Karlovna Davydov, a lawe i ka 1902, a loaa i ka oki i ka 1909. He ua he lahui i hoʻonaʻauao wahine, i ke kaikamahine o ka cellist kaulana a me ka hoʻopuka o ka Magazine. I kekahi mare, ua lilo i ka wahine o ke koʻikoʻi statesman Rotehama Ioredane-Negoreva. Maria Karlovna haʻalele Memories o Kuprin puke - "kaikaina makahiki".

Ka mea, noho pu, a me he kaikamahine - Lidiya Aleksandrovna Kuprina, ka mea i make i kakahiaka nui i ka makahiki 1924, e haawi ana me kana moopuna ia Alexei mea kākau. Children Kuprina Aleksandra Ivanovicha a me kana moopuna ia i haʻalele i nā mamo hanau papani iho la i Kuprin.

Kana lua o ka wahine, i kona kukakuka iho a me ke kahu anela - Elizabeth Moritsevna Heinrich, ka mea i mare i ka mea kākau moʻolelo mare i ka 1909. ʻO ia nō ke kaikamahine o ka mea paʻi, a ke kaikuwahine o ka mea hana keaka. Elizabeth Moritsevna hana a pau kona ola, a ma ia manawa ua ole ai ka hihia, ua he kahu. Au hiki ole ola i ka pua ana o Leningrad.

Ka mea, i kekahi kaikamahine Xenia Alexandrovna, nani a me ka akamai kaikamahine, ka punahele oʻaʻole wale nō i ka 'ohana, akā, no hoi no kanaka, ma ka liʻiliʻi loa he uuku, eʻauʻau kai me ia. Ua hana i loko o ka hale ano kokoke i ka manawa o Paul Poiret, ua he kükohu a me ka mea hana keaka. I ka 1958, hoi aku la ia, mai Farani a hiki i ka Soviet Union. Kekahi, palapala iho la memoirs "Kuprin - koʻu makuakane." He pâʻani 'o ia i loko o ka hale kiaka Moscow kapaʻia ma hope o Pushkin. I makahiki-kahiko Xenia ikea mai la ke kaikuahine Zinaida, akā, i loko o ka makahiki 1912, make iho la o pneumonia.

Mālama '-kaua, makahiki kaua a me ka lāʻau kū-ke kaua

All 1909 Kuprin hana paakiki - palapala iho la i ka puke a me ka risky manawa no mākou makaainana. Ka mea kākau makemake e hōʻike ola, mai ka loko o ke brothel hanohano i loko o ka'āina. Kaao, kapa iho la oia "Ka lua". Ua Ua palapala he lōʻihi manawa. I ka hookahi makahiki, ua Pushkin uku i i hookoia, e like me Ivan Bunin. Kēia i ka oihana iaia, mai ka Academy o Sciences.

I ka 1911, ua Kuprin, e kuai aku i ka pono, e izdatelstkoe pono'ī Hana Hou. Loaa mai ka hoʻopuka haneri tausani uku, ua i loko o 1915, ka mea kākau moʻolelo i kākau i ka lepo ma ka aie. Alaila, paʻiʻia mākou i ka moʻolelo "Garnet kūpeʻe", a no laila, tenderly palapala aku Kuprin Aleksandr Ivanovich, nā moʻolelo "telegrapher" a me ka "hemolele moe" - hana maikai, lyrical, kaumaha. Ka mea, maopopo hōʻike i ua ole nenelu o ka mea kākau i ka uhane i ka waiwai, i kona mea no ka makemake e empathize, e aloha a me ka minamina.

I ka 1914 Kuprin hāʻawi manawaleʻa no ka kaua, ka lutanela hou. He mālama akula i loko o Finland, akā,ʻaʻole no ka lōʻihi: ka mea, Ua ike like ukele o no ka hana ola. He hoi, a ma ka hale - haukapila: Elizabeth Moritsevna a me ke kaikamahine a Xenia hanai i ka hoehaia ... Ua hala na makahiki kaua. i maopopo oleʻOiʻenehana o 1917 Kuprin, a i ole ia. Lenin i ole makemake. Ma hope iho o ka make ana o ka White neʻeʻana i loko o 1920 Kuprin haʻalele Rusia.

He iwakālua nā makahiki o ke ola Kuprin ma Farani hoike mai i ka hiki ole ia mea, e ke hakuloli i ka Lūkini kanaka wale aku no. Ua aohe loaʻa kālā. Ka loa kaulana kākau moʻolelo o ka hana i unuhi 'ia i loko o ka' ōlelo Palani, akā, me ka hou ua i palapala. Pāʻoihana ka oi aku i 'Aʻole e holopono ana. Na ka papa kuhikuhiE mea -ʻAi ihola uhane iini nui. Hana Party wa opiopio, ola, ka ikaika, ka manaolana ... He kēia nostalgia permeated ma ka wale nui hana i kākauʻia e Alexander Ivanovich aku mai Rusia - ka puke "Juncker". Ua loaa aneane Documentary Memories o ka oihana kula, mahana, kaumaha, akā, me ka mea ia ano, a akahai Quotes kuprinskim. He maoli, maoli makemake e hele aku hoʻi i ka hale.

Home!

Hawaiʻi moku, ka moe i hele oiaio Kuprina e hoʻi i Rusia. A terminallyʻino mea kākau hoʻi i ka make. Ka halawai ua incredibly mahana - aloha ia nei, ua nui ua aneane pau o Moscow manao, e halawai me ia. Ka olioli Alexander Ivanovich uaʻai ana. Maka e hoike ana, ua kahea pinepine ana, e hoʻoneʻe ma ka mea a pau: na keiki, a me ke ala o ka motherland, a oi loa aku hoi i ka noonoo ana a me ke aloha o ka 'ē aʻe. Ka mea kākau moʻolelo, mamua o kona maʻi, ua paʻiʻia: he (essay) ma luna o ke poʻo "Moscow maoli", laila, i ka hoomanao ana o Gorky (me ka nunui o ia ka paʻamau, me emigration Kuprin Gorky i ole ia i ka lokomaikaiia i ke kākoʻo a me ka complicity "? Eia o ka weliweli a me ka noho kauā kuapaʻa,").

Ma lalo o ka hou 1937 Kuprin neʻe i Leningrad, a noho ma laila, hoopuniia ma ka malama a me ka hoolohe. Ma June 1938, oia kipa i kona aloha Gatchina, kahi no laila, magnificently ka pua koke lilac. Ka mea, haalele aku la i ko lakou kahiko eiooaa?, A he kanahiku tausani o ka uku no ka mea, i noho ai ma ka hoaaloha o ka wahine kāne make o ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone kaulana. Kuprin Ua hele ana ma ka nani māla, eʻai i ka maluhia a me ka noho malie olioli.

Naʻe, i ka maʻi nō lanakila, i kaʻike, he weliweli - Ka maʻi 'aʻai o ka esophagus. Ma Leningrad, ma hope o kona hoi ana mai Gatchina, aha hoʻoholo i ka hana Kuprin. Hulina i ka mea, ua maikaʻi, akā, kauka ia i ka manaolana, ma ka rula, i mea aha. Kuprin make. I nā lā,ʻo ia i nā mea a pau i mea hiki - ka maikai kauka, maikaʻi malama. Akā,ʻaʻole e mau loa keia palena manawa o ke ola i.

ke ola mau

Ka palapala, ai manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni, kakau iho la memoirs he vivid kiʻi o ke kupaianaha, io Lūkini mea kākau, ka mea i hana mau ia i ka panina mooolelo maikaʻi o ka noho pilikia realism, ''he follower L. N. Tolstogo. Alexander Kuprin, i nā kaha puana'ī ma ka papa o ke kenekulia manawa, ua palapala na hana o kekahi mau Huli i oi ma mua o ka haneri. He uaʻano hōʻoio, oiaio, me ka nui o ka nui i Kekahi Mau 'ma kela a me keia o kona leo, ua palapala mai ia mea wale oia i ua hoano e, ike, perechuvstvoval.

Kuprin kakau i ka widest hiki hoolohe, i ka mea heluhelu ka mea, aole ia e hilinaʻi ma ka hoohanau a me ka makahiki, a pau e loaʻa i loko o kona mau laina o lākou iho, aloha. Humanism, ka pinepine ia e olioli loa, ea, vivid wehewehena, nui loa kona waiwai 'ōlelo kōkua Kuprina hana i koe a hiki i kēia lā i kekahi o ka loa hoʻomano heluhelu. Kana mau hana i ua Film, o ke kahua a me ka unuhi 'ia i loko o nā' ōlelo a pau.