Warsaw uprising. Na Mahele World War. moʻolelo

World War II, i lilo ai i ka 1939, a ua pau 1945. Over ka holoʻokoʻa wā o ke kaua pepehi i ka nui loa o kanaka, a hiki aku i hoehaia, he nui loa nalowale. Ma kēlā me kēia wā o ka confrontation i kona koa, a controversial kanaka. nā lāhui kanaka a pau o kaʻahahui e kaua kēlā me kēia no kona'āina,ʻaʻole e minamina i ola. Ka mea, ua i koe, a me ka liberation paio ma Poland. An nui, ao ke ano o keia wā ua i ka makahiki 1944 Warsaw Uprising. Ma ka mea, ma laila i kēia hui kūkāʻana a hiki i kēia lā. Nā kumu a me ka hopena o kēia hanana i he loa okoa hoike ana.

A manawa pōkole moʻolelo o ka mālama '-kaua Poland

Ma hope o ka First World War ma Poland, he mea mālama nui paio no ka mana i. Wale a 1926 ua he loli o ke Aupuni 5. Ka pōʻaiawaiwai moʻomanaʻo-kaua i loa nawaliwali, o ka heluna kanaka mahuahua eha ma ka naau. E kū'ē i kēia kāʻei kua, ua he coup J. Pilsudski. E like me ka hopena, lilo 'o ia i ka luna o ka poe koa, a ua koho balota' pelekikena Ignatsi Mostsitsky. I ka mea, i loko o ke aupuni, e kukulu iho la lakou i ka oihana koa dictatorship. ʻO kēia mau makahiki ma Poland o ka ulu ana kaʻina. I ka makahiki 1935, ma lalo o ke kumukānāwai hou, ka hapanui o na pono hoololiia a hiki i ka pelekikena. A me 1938 i ike ai i ka noho male 'ana o ka Communist Party.

Germany Ua kau aku i ka helu o nā koi Poland, ia hoʻohaiki ana i ke kuokoa i ka 1938. Ma hope o kā lākou rejection, September 1 1939 , hoomaka ae la ka Kelemānia poʻe hao wale i ke kaua. Ua September 27 ka Kelemānia komohewa komo Warsaw. A pule ma hope capitulated hope Polish nui koa hui pu ia lakou, a me ka mea a pau mokuna o Poland i laloʻoihana. Ma na aina e ku aina, he mau kipi ka neʻe 'ana. Mau nā: Army Ludowa, Home Army, kela kuokoa guerrilla ana. Ka mea, ua lakou no ka poe i hoʻonohonoho 'ia i ka Warsaw Uprising o ka makahiki 1944.

Ke kūlana o ka poʻe ma mua o ka Warsaw Uprising

Ke Soviet kaua i loko o ka makahiki 1944, i alakaʻi i ke kūpono 'ma luna o nā mea a pau fronts. A mau lā koa hele ma kahi o 600 kilomika. E kiʻi imua o ka Uaʻaneʻane hookiia mai ai mai ka lako. Air Max i ole i relocate i ke kokoke airports a hiki i ke alo. E like me ka manao, i ka liberation o Warsaw ua ma luna o nā pūhaka elua o ka 1st Belorussian Front e e paa. A hiki i ka hoʻomaka o Augate, i nā koa i hele mai i nā wahi e pili ana o Warsaw - Palaka. Keia ua hana e kiʻi aku 2nd kiai pahu Army. Soon, uaʻalo me ka ee-kūpono 'ana o ke koa Kelemānia, a i loaa ia nui ikaika - e like me kekahi mau kumu, he 5 mau mea i kahikoiaʻi Kelemānia mau papa. Ka Soviet Army i puʻe wale akula kēlā, e hooki, a hoʻomaka i ka mea e malu ai. Kekahi mau moʻolelo hoʻopaʻapaʻa i ka Soviet kūpono 'i papani ai hoi no ka mea, o keia hanana, eia kekahi i paupauaho na koa 600-kilomika o lōʻihi upena. 'Ē aʻe e koa mōʻaukala noiʻi hoʻike i ka poe koa alakaʻi i loko o ke kanaka o Stalin i i makemake i ka i kōkua i ka Polish ia'ku, ka poe i hoomaka i ka Warsaw Uprising i ka makahiki 1944.

Ka hoʻomaka o ka uprising

August 1, ke kapikala o Poland uprising hoomaka. He hoʻonohonoho i kona kipi National Army. Ma ka mōʻaukala o Warsaw, ua ike like hoʻi meʻeleʻele, a keʻokeʻo lā. A no ia kaila i kēia wā o ka manawa, he henua nīnau. Ma hope o ka bele ma kekahi o na ekalesia i hoomaka ai e kaua ana no ka liberation o ke kūlanakauhale, mai ka Kelemānia komohewa. Occupants Ua lilo i ka hoʻomaka 'ana o ka Warsaw Uprising a me ka makaukau no ka ia initially he loa ole. I loko o ka pōkole manawa, na kipi e hoʻokele e uhai i loko o ke kulanakauhale mawaena konu, a hoopau hookupaa aku hooponopono no ia. I ka Ia manawa, i kaʻauamo nele e hoʻopio i ka Barracks, ka international airport, a me ka papa kuhikuhiE na alahaka ma ka muliwai. Oklemalas kēia kanaka Kelemānia kiola aku i ke ku imua o nui koa, a hooauhee aku la i na kipi loa mau mea mai.

ʻOiai ma hope o ka mālama 'ia mobilization helu Army Regional i aloha waiwai, e kahiko iho i mea ole na kanaka. I ka 34 nui mea kuu 383 pio mai ka poe kaua i lawe pio ai ma ka pae mua o ka makahiki 1944 Warsaw Uprising. Mai ia manawa, hoomaka ae la na kipi e pāʻani. Au pono e olelo aku nei ia i ka lā mua o ka uprising na guerrillas lilo aku ma kahi o 2,000 ikaika. No laila, he nui ka make a me ka civilians. Ka mea, i hiki i na alanui, a kākoʻo i ke kipi me ka mea hiki: barricades, Eʻoi mai ana i ke kipi ma ka lola honua tunnels, aka malama i ka eha koa. Mai a pau o kēia mau kanaka i ole hakakā ka ho'āʻoʻana, ka mea, ua i ka mua luahi o ka bombing a me ka shelling.

A mau olelo e pili ana ia o ka Army

Koa hui, e hana ma ka mokuna o Poland iloko o ka Apana World War, ua i ka inoa o ia o ka Army. Ka mea, ua subordinate i ka Polish ke aupuni, i ka 1939 haʻalele i ka aina, a hoomau iho la oia i ko lakou mau hana i loko o Lākana. Ia'ku AK waiho loihi ana a hiki i ka pau ?? eoi? O Poland a me kona papa kuhikuhiE AIM mea e kaua aku i ka Kelemānia occupiers. hihia o kona hookui hookahe koko ana a me ka Soviet koa pinepine mai ai. Kekahi e hoopii mai nei i ka AK i loko o ka hoao ai e luku i ka Ukrainian patriotic koa.

Ka nui loa ka helu o nā koa i loko o nā koa naehana e noho ana i loko o ka makahiki 1944 - ma kahi o 380 tausani kanaka .. Ma kona 'ole, ka mea, ua maheleia i loko o ransacked - hui kalana a me ka'āina a pau. Ke ole oia o AK manao, sabotage huahelu. I ka wā o ka Warsaw Uprising ia kenekoa Army hana ua e hookuu i ke kulanakauhale, mai o kēia kanaka Kelemānia a i ka hiki ana mai o ka Soviet koa.

Iki e pili ana i ka Warsaw

Warsaw - ke kapikala o ke Europa aina me ka waiwai a me ka lono kaumaha mōʻaukala. Ke kulanakauhale i kona kêia kanaka ma kahi e ma ka waena o ka XIII kenekulia. Just laila ua ka mua nui i paa i hooponopono i ka ?? eoi? O ka wā e hiki mai ana o Warsaw. I ka 1526, ma hope o ka make ana o Prince Mazowiecki kulanakauhale ia i pili i ka Polish aupuni, a loaʻa pono ma par a me nā mea a pau i ka Luna Hooponopono. I ka pau ana o ka hoʻomaka o ka XVI XVII kenekulia Warsaw i ke kapikala o Poland. A no ka mea, o ka mea pono Leeuwerikplein kulana o ke kulanakauhale, e like me ka pono me ka hoʻokahi wale nō kālai'āina kumu.

I ka pau ana o ka XVIII kenekulia Warsaw i hooholoia ma ka hoʻomaka o Prussia. Aia ua noho he pōkole manawa, a ua i ka 1807 ma hope o ka pio ana o Napoleon, ka Prussian koa i hana Duchy o Warsaw. Akā, ka mea, ua oki ae la ia nei i ka 1813. Eia kekahi ma hope o ka lanakila ana o Lūkini poʻe hao wale no Napoleon. Pela no, hoomaka ae la he hou mōʻaukala o Poland. Pokole, i kēia wā hiki ke wehewehe aku i ke kahua i loko o ka paio no ka kūʻokoʻa. Akā, i ka uprising i ka makahiki 1830, a me 1863 i pau ai i ka make a me ka lilo ana o ke ahiahi illusory kū kaʻawale.

Ma hope o ke Kaua Honua I Poland, ma hope, hou i loaʻa i ko lakou mau moku'āina. Ua hoomaka ka wā o? Acaeoey o ka aina me ka a pau, a Warsaw ma pakahi. Ieoaeunoai o hou home a me holoʻokoʻa mau kaiāulu. I loko o kēia wā, i ka palapala o Warsaw i me ka nui loa māhuahua.

I ka 1939, i ka mua aupuni, a i hooukaia mai e Hawaii, ua Poland. like Warsaw poe i eha pule alakai paio kaiʻewaʻewa i ka poʻe komohewa, akā, na koa, he kaiʻewaʻewa, a me ke poʻo hina. Kokoke koke, ke kūlanakauhale ua hanaia he lola honua ana, e kaua i ka poʻe komohewa. Eʻohi ana i kona ikaika, i ka poʻe Kalawina o ka Home Army, e like me kekahi mau haneri kanaka, mai ka People ka Army hoʻoholo i loko o ka makahiki 1944 a hiki i ka uprising.

makaukau aoao

Warsaw District ia kenekoa Army i helu ma kahi o 30 000 koa, a ua kokoke alua like ka nui me ka mea kēia kanaka Kelemānia. Akā, me nā mea kaua maikai Kalawina i aneane ua. Ka mea, he wale 657 pūlaipela, kekahi 47 mīkini pū, 2.629 pūlaipela, 50.000 grenades a me ka uuku oi ma mua o 2500 pū. No ka mea helu i ka nui o ka poe koa i ua mea uuku. Mākou ke olelo aku i ka militia hoʻoholo i ke kaua me ka hanau lima me ka ikaika regular Kelemānia kaua.

Germany, hoomaka ae la mua e emi hope ma lalo o puʻe mai Soviet poʻe hao wale, laila hoʻololi i kona naʻau, a hoonoho iho la i ka pahu hopu o ka malama i ka pale o Warsaw ma ka huki no ka mea, i loko o ke kūlanakauhale, a me nā outskirts o ka helu nui o nā mea kaua. Penei,ʻo Kelemānia pūʻulu oia o 600 ka hoʻoponopono-propelled pū a me ka poʻina nalu, ma kahi o 1158 pū a me ka papa wiliʻai, e like me kahi e 52 tausani koa.

Ma Warsaw hoʻi me ka poʻe Kalawina kaua policemen hoa a pau:

• Cossacks me hapa o 69 ka battalion;
• Lio 3rd Battalion;
• Russian 29th Māhele o ka SS;
• Muslim regiment mahele;
• Ukrainian battalion o policemen;
• Russian Liberation People ka Army (RONA) Kaminski;
• Azerbaijani regiment.

ka pili aupuni panorama

Oiai ma Poland, he mau ana ke kū'ē i kālai'āina eaaa?. Ka mua - ka Lublin Komite, a i kau mai ma ka Soviet Aupuni i loko o ke kulanakauhale o Chelm ma ka hope o Iulai makahiki 1944. Ua Ua ea ae ka hana ia i ka manawa o ke kaua i nāʻauamo, ka mea i kākoʻo keia Aupuni, malalo iho o na mau koa kauoha. Ma hope o ke kaua, ke Komite i ka laweʻana mai o ka'āina wale nō.

Ke kue ikaika i na hana o ka Polish aupuni, a, mai ka hoomaka ana mai o ke kaua, ua haʻalele ma Lākana. Ua noonoo ia i ka poho kupono mana. Mōʻaukala o Poland iki'ōlelo mai i keia Aupuni o ke kaʻi hakuʻi o ka Polish insurgent ana, me ia o ka Army. I ka papa kuhikuhiE Pahuhopu o S. Mikolajczyk ua e hookuuia Warsaw, mai ka hale ma mua o ka hōʻeaʻana mai o Soviet mana, i ka mea, e ka kūʻokoʻa Poland ma hope o ke kaua. Makahiki 1944 ua kuleana no ia hana.

Kēlā me kēia no ka poʻe hoʻomoana makemake ia, ma ka mea, hoʻokahi a me ka ia - ka liberation mai Kelemāniaʻoihana. Akā, ina ua ike ka Lublin Komite i ka wā e hiki mai ana o Poland ma lalo o Soviet protectorate, ka London aupuni i hoʻomōhala hou ma luna o ka Komohana.

Ke counterattack o na kēia kanaka Kelemānia a me ka pale o ka mea kahiko kūlanakauhale

Ma hope o ka kēia kanaka Kelemānia oklemalis a loaa kilo, hoomaka nui-ka unahiʻole, a me ka ruthless suppression o ka Warsaw Uprising. Ke komohewa kiola i nā barricades, a na kipi kōkua kūkulu civilians, poʻina nalu a me ka lako a pan. Imua o ka poʻe komohewa i haʻakoi e hele unarmed kanaka, a ku iho la lakou ia lakou iho ma hope o lākou. O ka hale, kahi supposedly entrenched guerrillas puhi i me na hoaaina i laila. E like me ka mua koho, ma ka hebedoma mua o ka uprising, pepehi ana 50.000 civilians. Mākou ke olelo aku i ka Warsaw palapala ua emi o elua mau mea, e like me kā lākou mau razed.

Nā militiamen Ua kiola i ka Old City, kahi a lakou e noho ana i ka nui ikaika. Aie i ka ololi alanui, hale ilalo, a tunnels mauʻauamo kaua desperately no kela hale. Ma kaʻaoʻao hema o ka outpost i ka Hale Pule Nui, a mau ae la ia mau pule, oiai ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka bomber i ole loa luku. Ma ka akau o 10 mau lā, he hakaka no ke Akua ka Ian haukapila. Krasiński hale aliʻi i i aia ai i ke komohana o ka kūloko iho kahi, mau ae la ia i ka loihi, no laila, i kahi o 5,000 kipi ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka lola honua āhua o ka hale aliʻi, hoʻoneʻe i nā Apana o Warsaw.

August 28, ma ka lawe ana ia i ka counterattack, i luku aneane pau loa ka guerrilla koa i loko o ka Apana kahiko. Eha koa kēia kanaka Kelemānia i hoohana pepe ma ka poʻina nalu. A o ka poe i pio, ma kahi o 2,000 kanaka, pepehi a me ka wela. September 2 kahiko kulanakauhale pale i loa uhi pū.

Aviasnabzhenie

E like ma mua o ka hoʻomaka 'ana o ka uprising, ka Polish aupuni ua noi kōkua Kalawina pono kaua. No laila, i loko o kakahiaka August Pelekāne mokulele lawe mai kekahi mau sorties. Ua lukuia A nui ka helu o ka mokulele ma komohewa, kekahi, hele aku hoʻi i ka waihona ipu. Wale i kekahi mau transporters e hoʻokele i ka lele i Warsaw, a lilo i kaupaonaʻia. Aie i ke kiʻekiʻena kiʻekiʻe o ka ammunition haule iho ai i na kēia kanaka Kelemānia, a me wale i ka uuku o protesters hiki. A nui hopena ma luna o ka pilikia ka mea, e hiki ia lakou o hiki mai.

US Air Max noi i ka luna o ka Soviet Union aeia mai ai e hoopae ai i ko mokulele i loko o ka USSR i hou lako o ka auamo. Ua hooleia ke noi. Ke kumu no ka hoole ana, kēlā aoao ka hoohalike ana okoa. Stalin hai aku i ka Warsaw uprising - mea he gamble, a oia aole makemake ole e lawe i kekahi wahi i loko o laila.

Soviet maunakea hoomaka kākoʻo kipi hanohano ma ka 13 Kepakemapa. Aie i ke kala o ka ammunition mai haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe, ka laulā o ka kōkua i Ua oi nui ma mua o ka Anglo-American. Mai ia manawa, Soviet mokulele i oi ma mua o ka haneri sorties no Warsaw.

Ka waena i pae o ka uprising

Kepakemapa 9 Bor-Komorowski i ka ho'āʻo mua i negotiate me na kēia kanaka Kelemānia, e haawi. Ka poe ma muli o ka olelo hoopomaikai mai e noonoo ia kenekoa Army koa pio. I ka Ia manawa, Soviet lākou poʻe kaua e kūpono ', no ia a na kēia kanaka Kelemānia i, e hookaawale ia ma kela aoao o ka Vistula, e puhi ana i ka na alahaka ma hope o lākou. Manaolana no ka hou mua o ka poʻe hao wale, i kaʻauamo nō hoole i ka haawi a me ka hoʻomau 'ana i kā lākou i mākaukau uprising. Akā, i papani ai hoi hou September 14th Soviet hao wale. Pela, ke uprising i piha blockade a me ka kaupalena helu o nā hale kūʻai hoʻomaka mae.

No ka mea kipi i loko o ka hapalua like-September Ua paa wale he mau wahi. Ma ke kulanakauhale ua he paio no na hale a me na kihapai o ka aina. Ke Polish hapa o ka poe koa, i ho'āʻo i ka puʻe i ka Vistula muliwai, kūpono ana ma kahi o elima battalions e hoʻokele i kiʻi. Eia naʻe, no ka lako a me na mea paahana, i ole i hiki ke aku, pela no ka mea, ua ano o ka gamble. September 23 oi enemi koa nou i kēia mau'āpana hoʻi. Polish koa poho nui i ka hola 4000 ikaika. A laila, na koa o kēia mau wahi i ua koho ia e ka Soviet kauoha Ka hoʻolilo 'ia no ka paio kāʻeʻaʻeʻa.

Make a me ka capitulation

Waiho ole kākoʻo ku Kalawina e ole e lōʻihi. Mai September 24, ka Kelemānia koa a hemo hoouka ma Mokotów, a i kokua aku ma ka lā wale nō ekolu. September 30 komohewa luku aku i ka hope konu o ke kū'ē'ē mai i loko o ka Żoliborz. Bor-Komorowski October 1 kauoha i ke oki ai-ke ahi, a me ka ia la ae, i loaa mai i nā hua'ōlelo o ka hoihoi, a aneane koke i ua hehi ma ka Kelemānia komohewa. Pela i pau ai ka Warsaw uprising.

Iloko o ke kaua, ke kipi kaua o ka auamo nalowale ma kahi o 20,000 koa, 15,000 hou i lawe pio. sīwila heluna poho, e like me ke koho likeʻole HEN, mai 150 000 a hiki i 200 000 kanaka. O 700.000 auamo puʻe wale mai o Warsaw. Kelemānia ka pōʻino, ua like penei: 17 000 make, 5,000 i pepehiia, a me 300 pahu poʻina nalu. Ua luku Ua i kekahi mau haneri hi a me elua kakini ka pū. Warsaw ka hookuu mai e ekolu a me ka hapalua mahina - January 17, 1945. Ma keia manawa mai a hiki i ke komoʻana o ka poʻe hao wale Soviet na kēia kanaka Kelemānia systematically i luku i ka mōʻaukala a me ka moʻomeheu hoʻoilina o ke kapikala o Poland. No hoi occupants Ua kipaku civilians i lehulehu mau wahi i hoomoanaʻi, a hookupu ma Germany.

Warsaw uprising me ka ambiguity a pau o ka mea okoa wale nō o kekahi o nā hanana loa lono kaumaha o ka Apana o ke Kaua Honua, a me ka pilikia wā no ka mea Polish kanaka. Ke brutality o na kēia kanaka Kelemānia ma ka suppression o ka ia'ku hala a pau palena. German aupuni a pau, me ka manao kokoke ka hopena, ua hoʻoholo ihola e lawe ia mai ma luna o kaʻauamo, holoi Warsaw, mai ke alo aku o ka honua, a me ka helu nui o kona poʻe e noho ana. Eia naʻe, kaumaha nā loea kālai'āina a me kanaka, ka poe i ka mana, aole loa noʻonoʻo me ka ola o ka ano o kanaka, he nui B i ko lakou manao. E kela mea keia mea i ka wā o ka moolelo, e like me ka Warsaw uprising, e aʻo manaʻo kanaka e negotiate me kekahi i kekahi, a mahalo maluhia ke ola.