Alkadienes - i typical 'elele o ka unsaturated hydrocarbons

Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alkadienes o ka haʻilula a oko ma ka helu o ka hydrogen nā'ātoma i hydrocarbons. E noonoo i nā hiʻona o kēlā me kēia papa, ke 'ano o ka hybridization, ano waiwai.

paraffins

Paʻa kūhohonu loa hydrocarbons i ka mau haʻilula C _N H _{2n + 2.} I mai la lakou a pau paa ma waena o hydrogen nā'ātoma a me kalapona hoʻokahi. Inā ma ka naoh hoʻokaʻawale kekahi hydrogen, alkane ua huli i kaʻeleu huna -'ano'ē. Nā lālā mua o kēia moʻo e gaseous waiwai i mea liilii wailana i loko o ka wai.

Me ka ulu i loko o ka kalapona helu o ka solubility emi i loko o ka papa kaula, a me na hydrocarbons kekahi, i loko o ka puaʻa hiwa paʻa hoʻopiha moku'āina ma lalo o maʻamau ana.

Mawaena o ka nui Nine Inch waiwai hoʻomaopop 'ana i loko o na elele o keia ano, ua maopopo hakahaka. Aie i ka mea i pau kamaʻilio paʻa kūhohonu loa, e pili ana no ka alkanes uncharacteristically. Like a pau'ē aʻe ke aloha waiwai, alkanes pane koke me ka o oxygen ('ā), e like me ka hopena o i ikehu ua hookuu. Kēia kaʻina ua endothermic, ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o? Iecaianoaaiiuo no ka paio hahana maoli nō ka noho hoʻohauʻoli a me ka hanalima akea maikai.

cycloalkanes

Ka hiʻona o keia ano o nā lātoma o ke alo aku o ka paʻa 'ole. Ke mau haʻilula o na hydrocarbons mea o ka palapala C _N H _2n. Ua haawiia ka mau 'ole o ka papa, ka mea i wehewehe aku ma ka hakahaka naoh ma kaʻaoʻao kaula, a me ka hydrogen hou, i ua pu ma ka lukuia'na kalapona.

alkenes

Ma ka homologous moʻo o ka mau haʻilula o'etolina i ka palapala C _N H _{2n + 2.} Ke kiʻiona hiʻona o hydrocarbons (naphthenes) kahińuli ke alo aku o ka papalua hoopaa ma waena o ka o carbon nā'ātoma. Pi-hoopaa ua hanaʻia ma muli o ia i ke ano o ka mea ole-hapalua pa-orbitals elua ma e pili kalapona nā'ātoma.

Ua hoʻoholoʻAʻole wale i ke alo o ke kalapona type hybridization ma alkenes, akā, i ka mea ano Nine Inch waiwai o nā hoa a pau o keia ano o ke aloha i huiʻia. Qualitative naoh no ka unsaturation (papalua) hoopaa e discoloration bromine ka wai.

Ke naoh o cleavage o ka waʻa hoopaa hui i ka Halo alkene lātoma. Ma waho aʻeo ia reactions pono'ī ano o keia homologous puke, a me pili discoloration potasiuma permanganate.

Mawaena o na waiwai o ka'etolina a me kona homologues pono e koho a me nā 'ano o ka hou reactions. Ma ka hydrogenation (naoh me ka hydrogen), i ke kahua o ka like alkane. Hydration (me ka wai) a me ka gidrogalogenirovanie (hydrogen halide lātoma) ke hoomau aku mai unsaturated alkenes ma Markovnikov noho alii ana.

Kona o Mānoa, ke moe ia ma ka mea i ka wā e pili ana i ka nesimmetrichnmou alkene (kamailio ana o ka moku'āina 1) nā lātoma o ka wai, a me hydrogen halide cleavage o ka waʻa hoopaa. Hydrogen ua hou a hiki i ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o ka hydrogenated (paʻa kūhohonu loa hydrogen) kalapona'Ātoma, a me ka gidroksogrupp paha halogen pili ana i ma ka liʻiliʻi loa hydrogenated N.

Kaawale mai ka pepa e'etolina a me kona homologues wehewehe aku ma ka polymerization naoh. Mai ka uuku kumukūʻai lātoma ho okumu i nui pīlali lātoma oia hoi o'ālike mall naehana. Polymerization ua hoʻomano hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka Nine Inch hana no ka hooulu ana i kēia lula ea.

alkadienes

No ka hoʻomaka, alkadienes - Ua unsaturated hydrocarbons ua mau haʻilula C _N H _{2n + 2.} Aia He He kekahi similarity ma waena o ka poeikohoia o ka homologous moʻo me alkenes. Mai alkadienes - ia mea unsaturated hydrocarbons, no ka mea, ua i wehewehe aku e kekahi poe koa hou naoh.

Ke koena unuhi o ia i loko o ka dienes mea mau unsaturated kaulua paa ana, no laila, no ka piha ka piʻiʻana i kauoha mai i ka oi o bromine wai, hydrogen, ka wai, hydrogen halide.

Me ka Poeikohoia o kekahi o ka propadiene, a komo i loko o ka polymerization naoh. Products loaa i keia naoh ua hoʻohana 'ia no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o kemikala laholio, laholio hana. Mai alkadienes - Ua unsaturated waiwai qualitative naoh no kā lākou mea e manaʻo ai, e discoloration potasiuma permanganate a me ka bromine wai. Alkadienes homologous moʻo i hoʻomaka me propadiene, i ke kinowai a me ka'ā.

Mawaena o na palapala noi a na elele o keia ano līkaia no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o polymeric mea.

alkynes

Ma ka homologous moʻo acetylene mau haʻilula mea C _N H _2n-2. Inā alkadienes - he waiwai i ua haku o nā kaulua paa ana, no ka mea alkyne ua wehewehe aku ma ka Triple hoopaa. Qualitative naoh i ka Triple hoopaa o alkynes no asymmetric kapa AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN me ka Poeikohoia o keia ano o ka luna 'hui - diamine kālā hydroxide (1). Ke AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o ka paʻakai i hanaʻia - kālā acetylide.

Me ka Poeikohoia o keia homologous moʻo e interclass isomers o alkadienes. Like me, alkenes, alkadienes, alkynes a pau pane koke me ka halogen hou, hydrogen, hydrogen halide, me ka wai. I ka pili i kekahi lātoma o acetylene lawa ole ke dala o ka hydrogen hua'etolina. Ma ka hihia o AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN me ka oi hydrogen hua mai acetylene ethane (paʻa kūhohonu loa hydrocarbon).

ka hopena

Alkynes, alkenes, alkadienes, alkadienes, Nine Inch waiwai i i kamaʻilio nui ma luna, kahaki ii ka hoʻokumu paʻa mea like a me nä mea ma waena o kekahi papa o ka waiwai. A pau na hydrocarbons i loko o ka 'ole i kalapona a me ka hydrogen nā'ātoma, e ai maikai loa wahie.