Amphioxus - o ia holoholona? Amphioxus: hōʻikeʻano, me nā hale, 'ano a me nā hiʻona

Amphioxus - he holoholona e pili ana i ke 'ano o Chordates (pae bescherepnyh). Mākou e kaumahaʻoe i kiʻi ike me ia. E noonoo i ka 'ole,' ano a me nā hiʻona o Amphioxus. Kēia? Ueo ua loaʻa i loko o nā kai o ka pakiko, a Tropical cii. Ma kekahi, Amphioxus ola, a ma ka Black Sea.

kino shape

Amphioxus kino ÿano o ka'ololaha, tapering i ka huelo. Ka lōʻihi mea mai ka 4 a hiki i 8 knm. Ua uhiia ke kino me ka hookahi ahu iho la ka epithelium a me ka cuticle pee ma epithelial keena. Ma lalo o ka epithelium mea he wiwi ahu iho la ka connective'aʻaʻa - corium. Ke dorsalʻaoʻao o ke kumu a me ka huelo fin oi lua pokole me ka ili pa. Ke kino ua flattened laterally; ma kaʻaoʻao ventral o ka hui kaulua E kikoo metaplevralnye nā pā ai pili aku i undernail hapa o ka fin pa. Kēia 'ole kōkua ai i nā ka noaaeeecaoee o ke kino i nā hana i loko o ka wai, a maoli he i ka wahi o ka hui' ana me ia, i mea nui ka wā e neʻe ma ke kino Kai.

Musculoskeletal kahua

Ke kumu o ka maopopo kahi ponoi o ka chord, Aia ma ke kino, mai ke poo a hiki i ka pau ana o ka caudal māhele. Ke chord, i mea lancelet - keia ho okumu lelo i loko o connective kieke, i keʻano o ka hanaʻana palapala kākoʻo hehee wale fin pa me ka palapala chondroid kolamu. Ua i komo iloko ma waena o nā haʻawina kanaka o ka musculature (Myomere) ho okumu i miosepty kaawale ia. Myomere hookaawale mioseptami, e pili ana i ka chord ma nāʻaoʻaoʻelua.

muscularity

Striated nāʻiʻo. E hoʻokaʻawale aʻe Myomere i ka conical kinona, me he mea retracted i loko o kekahi i kekahi, a me kā lākou asymmetrical hoʻoponoponoʻana o Kamehameha: ku pono ana i ka waena o kēlā me kēia no ia ma kaʻaoʻao'ākau o miosepta ma ka hema a me ka Hope versa. E holumua ai ka ho'ēmiʻana o ka Muscle Hoʻohana i kaʻaoʻao o ke kino curves, nalu neʻe mai ke poo i ka huelo. Natural ano o ka Muscle contraction ua hooponopono ia e ka Central ko mākou hopohopo nenoaiu.

Amphioxus chord o ka mua hopena kŰlń ao hou ma mua o ka neural Tube, ma keia hope aku i ka inoa o ka hookahi papa o ka subtype - Golovohordovye. Ua Ua haku o ka helu nui o transverse Muscle o ka papa hoʻopuniʻia e ka connective'aʻaʻa wahī. hookaawale ae ke kanaka papa i cavities, akā, ma ka hui 'ana me ka pili Via pōkole outgrowths.

circulatory kahua

Ua Ua manaoio aku i ka circulatory nenoaiu o ka holoholona paa. Aia hoʻi, ma laila nō i wahi i wāhiʻia ke koko, akā,ʻaʻohe mea'ē maoli capillaries (thinnest paʻa moku me ka monolayer) o ka poe liilii, arteries koko komo ka intercellular makahiki (ka mea, hoʻopili like functionally capillaries), a nolaila i ohi ia ma ka liʻiliʻi aa koko.

reproductive kahua

Mea papa hele Amphioxus'ōnaehana ua poe ma ka moʻo o ka hui kaulua gonads (gonadal). Ka mea, i ke aupuni 'o nā paia o ka atrial lua. Bescherepnyh (lancelet me) dioecious. Nā gonads o ke kāne a me ka wahine superficially like, like pu ole, wale nō ma ka nui gametes (oocyte nui). Oʻo reproductive keena ma nahā i gonads paia hāʻule i loko o ka atrial lua, kahi o ka wai kahe hookuu i ka waho ma atriopor. Development ia lŘlŘ ma koʻana koko me Media, a ua wehewehe aku i loko o ia he mea he larval ke kahua.

Ka 'ole o ka larvae

Ka 'ole o ka larvae o ka loa nona aoao: ma ka kakahiaka kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao ka mea, ua wehewehe aku ma ka asymmetrical hoʻoponoponoʻana o Kamehameha o ka waha (ma ka hema), a me ka halo o mua oä (ma kaʻaoʻao'ākau), i ka helu o ka i mea liʻiliʻi ma mua. Wale ma hope kekahi lalani o ka halo o mua oä he höʻike i ka abdomen, a laila, ma kaʻaoʻao hema, a ua hoʻoneʻe lalo o ka waha. I ka helu o ka halo o mua puka mahuahua ma breakout nā kau, a ho okumu i lonikū i pohā i loko o nei poʻe. Larva 'Imi kolo ana me ke kōkua o nā cilia uhi ana i ke kino, a ma hope i ka kīloi paʻewa anuenue o ke kino, e like me ka makua' ano apau loa. Ua mālama i kaʻeleu, e ai ana ma luna o ka poe liilii, planktonic holoholona. Perioral funnel me tentacles ua hana i ka pau ana o larval kūpono 'ana, ka larva, e like me ka ulu-i ke kino, i ka hoʻololi i ke ola ma ka lalo wale.

atrial lua

Amphioxus - he holoholona ka atrial lua. I kona wehe lua a me ka halo o mua oä metanefriliev. Eia ke hele mai i ka pala hua a me ka sperm. A pau o keia kumu a hiki i ka pili atrial lua me ka mea mawaho kaiapuni. Anatomically, keia pilina ua poe ma ka puka, a ua kapaia atrioporom a me ka wehe waho ma kaʻaoʻao ventral o ka hope loa o ke kino i loko o ke alo o ka anus. Ke clearest loulou atriralnoy lua me ka papa hoike i loko o ke 'ano o kona ho okumu.

Larva Amphioxus kino i loko o kaʻaoʻao paia o ka halo o mua i ka weheʻana i hanaʻia ma ka lonikū pā metaplevralnye. Ka mea, ke kiʻekiʻe o hoʻonui i loko o ke kīloi paʻewa kuhikuhi a lalo, a laila, fused pu. I ka wa waena o nā bipi, a ho atrial lua. Ma nā hua'ōlelo, ka atrial lua, a ua lancelet - He hapa o ka mea mawaho i hoʻolilo 'ia hoopio metaplevralnymi nā pā. Ua uhi ka puu hapa o ka naʻau liʻiliʻi, he hapa nui o ka ili o ka gonads,? Iaeoe nui liuliu, a me kekahi pau ka i ke a pau, a ua waiho i loko o ka palapala o ka paʻa o cavities ma ka hoaka o ka palena o ka pharynx wale, e like me ka pono me ka endostyle metaplevralnyh nā pā.

Ke liluwelo manaʻo nui o atrial lua aie i ke ano o ke kiʻi Amphioxus ola. I ka wā kanu ana ma ka lepo, ka wai mākeke o ka halo o mua oä he pilikia, lepo (particles) ke komo i ka halo o mua lua, a clog ia. Ho okumu ana o ka atrial lua, o kona mau pā pōhaku halo o mua puka kaawale mai ka hui 'ana me ka honua, e lawe aku oe i kēia keʻakeʻa nei. Wai, a me ka ikaika e hele mai ana, mai ka atriopora,'aʻaiawā hoʻi ka lepo i loko o kēia wahi, kaulike ka noa hanu a me ka excretion o metabolic huahana. E like me ua oleloia, ma Amphioxus larvae, e alakai pelagic, atrial lua ma laila. No ka mea, a ma kekahi mau? Ueony Amphioxididae ohana o alakai pelagic a me ka adulthood.

Mau mea i ka papa kuhikuhiE hiʻona o ka Amphioxus - kekahi o na elele o chordates.