Casimir kanawai

About 50 makahiki aku nei, Henry Casimir loaaʻi i ka holo ma waena o nā surfaces elua he mea i kekahi attraction max. Kēia mana ke hana i kekahi kipi ma ka 'epekema.

Inā e lawe mau aniani keleawe, a hoʻouka ia i loko o ka ipu kaʻawale hoʻi ma waena o lākou hoʻomaka attraction, no ka mea, ma waena o ia mea, he holo. O kŰia Ua loaa e Casimir i ka 1948, ka wā āna i komo ma ka noiʻi hana i loko o ka noiʻi konu ma Eindhoven. O kŰia ua, ua kapaia ka Casimir kanawai, he mana e kupu ana ma waena o nā aniani keleawe - ka Casimir poe ikaika no lakou.

No ka lōʻihi manawa ia i manaʻo i ka Casimir kanawai - he mea ole ia oi ma mua o ka amusing kumumanaʻo. Eia naʻe, nei, he ua, ua nui ae hoihoi i loko o kēia kŰia. Ua Ua loaʻa i ka Casimir ikaika 'ana e loli ai i ka microscopic maomeka, a me ka mahalo i ka holomua ma ka oaoieei-lako a pan o keia ikaika hiki ke ana me ka kiʻekiʻe miomio.

Kēia hope paha o ka uku kuala no kekahi mau kumu ke kālaikūlohea. He nui theories, e like me a he mea nui hou ana ma ten-, a he umikumamakahi-dimensional theories. I kulike ai me kēia mau theories, aia no he kekahi haiahū kūmau, mai ka hae o ka umekaumaha Newton, ma mamao ma ka uuku hapa iki o ka millimeter. No laila, ana i ka ona o ka Casimir hookoia, e hiki ke kaha i kēia mau hypotheses.

Këia Casimir colloids

'Oiai e hana ana ma ka noiʻi konu ma Eindhoven, Casimir aʻo na waiwai ano o colloidal pāʻoihana. Mau mea waiwai me ka (viscosity) kiʻekiʻe, a i ka huna nui o ka micron. Lākou ka waiwai i ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka van der Waals koa - he lōʻihi-huahelu uʻi koa i ana ma waena o nā nā lātoma a me na nā'ātoma i'ākilikai.

Ilona Overbeek, Casimir colleague, aku la o Fritz London kumumanaʻo e wehewehe i nā koa o van der Waals koa ke haawi aku i ka pololei auhau o ka mana ikepili. He noi Casimir, i ka mea i hana i keia pilikia. Casimir, ua ike ia he mea hiki ole i ka pono hōʻike i ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN malamaia ma waena o 2'ākilikai nā lātoma, holoholo ana i ka māmā holo o ka malamalama ka ikaika.

Ma hope o ia, ke nä känaka 'epekema mai la oia i keia hopena hiki ke wehewehe ina ua lawe i mooolelo o ka fluctuations o ka'Ātoma. Fluctuation - i kēia makahiki, i ua wehewehe aku ma nā ano i keia ano o ka fluctuations a me ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika loli. A laila, i ka noiʻi ka manao i kahi o ka elua nā lātoma hiki e hoʻouka nā aniani keleawe i i ke ka ao ka ai i kekahi i kekahi hōʻikeʻana i ka aoao elua. A no keia mea wānana i ka mana o ka attraction i ole ma waena o ka reflective papa.

Hōʻeuʻeu Casimir kanawai

E like me ke quantum kumumanaʻo, ke holo nei i ka likeʻole. I ka mea, ma laila nō ka pololei, mana fluctuations -ʻike kamepiula (particles), a me antiparticles i hanau make. e hiki ke pili ka puʻuwai lakou. O kŰia ua kapaia "kūpaʻa Casimir kanawai". Ua Ua hoao e ho okolohua. Eia naʻe, theoretically he mea hōʻeuʻeu Casimir hookoia - i ka loli o ka holo fluctuations ma maoli (particles) (e laʻa me, photons). He keia kanawai i ua malamaia ma kaʻepekema.

Ma hōʻeuʻeu Casimir kanawai e mākaukau kaua oscillation aniani, a me kā lākou māmā ua like me ka mämä holo o ka malamalama. E hana i kēia, physicists ua e hoʻouka ma ka ikaikaʻume mākenēki kahua, metala surfaces. Speed fluctuations o keia kahua, heʻumikumamākahi ieeeea manawa no kekona. Ka ili hoomaka ae la e ino i kekahi uku i ua 5% o ka malamalama, a me ka muli o photons i ua kakau ma ka auoiaea. Ma muli ma luna o ka waiwai o photons, ka mea hiki ke ua kūkākūkāʻia ia mea, ikeia ma ka hui.