Kāʻamaʻai i ka mea kanu a me kona hiʻona

mea kanu kāʻamaʻai mea he luna 'physical-biochemical kaʻina hana ana i mea kanu hoʻolilo i ka electromagnetic a ikehu, i mea i loko o ka poe kukuna i loko o Nine Inch ikehu hoʻohana i loko o ke aloha i huiʻia. Ke kumu o kēia kaʻina mea he kaula redox Nine Inch reactions, like me ka hopena o i electrons i hoololiia mai o ka pou-hoemi hope paha, i mea hydrogen, a me ka wai, a hiki i ka acceptor, o ka oxidant. Ma keia palapala carbohydrates a me O2 ua kuu i ka'okesaside o ka wai.

Kāʻamaʻai kanu i mau moekahi 'ke kapuai hookahi. Ke kahua mua ua kapaia ka malamalama (photochemical). Ma keia ke kahua, ka quantum malamalama ikehu ua hoohuliia i loko o Nine Inch ikehu no nā loulou kiʻekiʻe-ikehu i huiʻia, e like me ka pono me he ao reductant. Ma ka lua o ka mua, me ka inoa pouli (metabolic) i loaa mai, mai ka ikehu Nine Inch o ka hoemi hope, a me ka ao e hele loop no fixation a me ka ho'ēmiʻana o ke kalapona'okikene lua, hiki ia carbohydrates i hana. photosyntheticʻano papa hana hoʻokaʻawale malamalama a me ka pouli mua i loko,ʻaʻole wale nō manawa akā, i loko o ka lewa. Light ke kahua i wahi i loko o ka kūikawā ikehu huli ana thylakoid membranes, oiai ka pouli reactions lawe wahi kekahi i loko o ka chloroplast stroma, a ma ka cytoplasm.

Kāʻamaʻai a kanu ka hanu nā ua ma muli o ke omo o ka malamalama quanta, kahi kūlana i ka papa kuhikuhiE ua pâʻani 'o ia ma ka chlorophyll omo pae i ka loaʻa o ka mea i nanaia aina, a me ka proximal ana hapa welaʻula a me ultraviolet wahi. I ka papa kuhikuhiE pigment no nā mea kanu, e lawe mai kāʻamaʻai mea chlorophyll he. Green līoho, mosses a me vascular mea kanu i oi a me ka chlorophyll b, i kŰlń ao ka pae o ka malamalama o ke kemu. Kekahi laha 'o ka līoho iloko chlorophyll pela aku a me ka d. Ma waho aʻeo ia chlorophyll, ma ke kaʻina hana o ka malamalama omo i kekahi ke komo pū o carotenoids a me phycobilins.

Ma hope o omo o ka malamalama ia lŘlŘ photochemical mua i loko i ka pae'āina mauʻano o ka photosystem I a me II (PS1 a me PS2). Kēlā me kēia no APS ninoieo o ka naoh oaio, kahi kauoha kaawale ana i, uila amo kaula, ma ka huina'ine'okesaside, a me ka lākou o ka eiiiiiaiou e hana na keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ka photooxidation o ka wai a me ka wa e noho ana o ka naoh waena. Ma ka naoh ioauoa o ka malamalama quantum ikehu ua hoohuliia i loko o Nine Inch, a laila, na electrons ka neʻeʻana e like me keʻano piʻina o ka electrochemical Loaʻaʻia, aha ka huina'ine amo kaulahao o ka kāʻamaʻai.

Photosystem IIʻano hanaʻia photooxidation naoh o ka wai, ma ia ho okumu i ka oxygen, a protons H +. Laua photosynthetic huina'ine amo kaʻina i wahi proton hoolilo mai o ka chloroplast i loko o intrathylakoid māhele 'āina. Ke kūpono reactions paka NADPH a me ka ATP, a nō ka iniiaiie huahana o ka kāʻamaʻai. Eia kekahi i ka kāʻamaʻai o mea kanu kūpono ai ka enzymatic naoh i loko i carbon dioxide i loaa mai nā polokina, carbohydrates a me nā bipi kūpaluʻia. Inā ka pouli ole-carbohydrate pūnao i directivity, ka mea i hanaʻia'amino nāʻakika, ke aloha i huiʻia a me nā polokina.

Metabolic keʻano o ka hanaʻana no ka CO2 fixation type e puunaueia i C3, C4 a me ka pahupaʻikiʻi kāʻamaʻai. Penei carbohydrates, a i hanaʻia ma luna o ka pouli kahua o ka kāʻamaʻai ma chloroplasts i e waiho i loko o ka palapala o ka pia i huiʻia OAAIeOO ka chloroplast e lilo hou keena, e malama aku i ke kumu o ka ikaika no ka metabolic reactions.

wale 1-2 pakeneka o ka ke kemu malamalama ikehu kanu kāʻamaʻai ia mea. Ka nui o ke kaʻina hana o ka kāʻamaʻai e loli ai ka spectral haku mele 'ana a me ka nui ana o ka malamalama, wela, ka wai lapaau mea kanu a me nā mea pōhaku no kou kino, i ka lehulehu o ka CO2 a me O2, e like me nā aneie aʻe.