Ka Convention - i ka halawai a me ke ano o ka aelike? Mākou i maopopo i nā nīnūnē

Ka manawa "Kuikahi" mea loa recognizable, akā, hoakaka kona manaʻo mea e mau loa ana me maʻalahi. Hale mōneka - ka'ōlelo i ka loaʻa o keʻano o ka Hawaiʻi i mea kokoke i kekahi i kekahi, a ma ka mea ia manawa okoa ma ke ano. E ka i ka olelo o ia hoʻi, a me ka mea i ka laulā o kona hoʻohana mākou hoʻokolokolo ai.

Definition a me ka o Mānoa,

Ka hua'ōlelo "Kuikahi" ua loko mai o Roma. conventus, a ia hoʻi, ka halawai ana a me ka 'ohi'. He waiwai i olelo ia i kekahi Roma hua'ōlelo - conventio, unuhi 'ia e like me ka aelike aelike. Ma muli o kēia mau hua'ōlelo-kumu Kuikahi - he hālāwai i kapaʻia e ae i kekahi mea,ʻike manaʻo, hanana, kānāwai. Ka hapanui halepule huna i loko o kona hana i ka nui laulā o nā nīnūnē. Mākou ke i aku nei au i keia halawai ana ua hāʻawi me kona palena mana i loko o ia mau wahi no i ka mea i hoʻokumu.

noiʻia

Halepule nei i loko o nā kula likeʻole o ka moʻomeheu. Ka pono ike hoʻokolohua o ke kulekele. No ka laʻana, i ke Kuikahi - ia mea:

1. Collection o ka mea i koho lunakanawai aia me ka Ahaolelo mana.
2. Ka 'Aha o nā lunakahiko a kanaka' elele o kela mauʻaoʻao (Signoret-aha-elele).

Kekahi o ka mea mua, e hoʻohana i kēia palapala na kalaipohaku mau halawai e paa ai i ko lakou Ahaolelo paha makahiki halawai. Europa Masonic halepule i, ua ike mai ke XVIII kenekulia. I Rusia, ua kaheaia lakou a pau.

Ma ka hana o ka Hui haipule hale mōneka (hale mōneka) - keia hoailona. Nō kāu, i ka manawa kēia a hiki i ka hale mōneka a hoailona kula. Here e lawe mai i na lala o ka monastic mea, ma ka liʻiliʻi loa - kanaka, ka poe i ka hana maʻamau ma o ke ola a me ka likeʻana (e like, Kuikahi Eck wāhine kāne make i loko o Latvia).

Ke Kuikahi i loko o ka moʻolelo o

Ka loa kaulana o ka makahiki ma muli o ia Farani, i loko o 1792-1795 GG. ke kumu o ke ano o ke aupuni i ka hale mōneka.

Ka National Convention i auou caiaiai ma ka mana o ke aliʻi, a haʻi maila i ka Lepupalika, hana Louis XVI i ke guillotine. He malama no me kau, hooko a me ka Hookolokolo mana, a i haawi i kekahi mau Komite, a kauoha a.

Loko o ka National Convention weheia paio nui ma waena o na aoao elua, a i hoomainoino ma ke kaiapili-pili aupuni kulana home 'ole i loko o ke aupuni. Popular uprising a me ka haule ana o ka Jacobin? Eia alakai i kona hou. , A hou ano o ke anaina kanaka, i kapaia ma ka mahina o Hoonaauao - ka Thermidor.

Thermidorian Convention pohaku hoʻokahuli aupuni weliweli, ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hookokoke ana i ka manao o na royalists, ka mea a laila hele mai i ka mana i loko o Farani. Kona ha awina mea ku pono i ke kākoʻo mai o ka waiwai bourgeoisie, kivila like manaʻo. Ma kēia wā o kona noho alii ana paha ma ka ostentation a me ka extravagance i loko o ka hana i na kanaka Farani, i ka lāʻau kū-hoʻokahuli aupuni wā. Thermidorian Convention ana a hiki i 1795.

Hale mōneka - hoailona

Ka makamake nui o ka hoailona mea i ka wā komo i kona'ōnaehana pono pololei ma hope o kona mau kauoha. Ka loa, he pono ole ka Aha-elele - halepule. OAXA olelo no ke komo no ka mea, - i ke kino a me ka noʻonoʻo 'ana, he makemake e malama i ke Akua ma kona ekalesia. Nolaila, i ke ano o ka Convention - he 'aelike ma waena o ka Ekalesia, a ke Akua i loko o ka hoailona (novice). O ka papa kuhikuhi hana o ke kula - ka pule a me ka contemplation, lawelawe. Female halepule ike mai medieval Europe i ka keia lā.

kēia halepule

I kēia lā, he hou ano o ke alu like 'ana i loko o ke kula o ka' epekema a me HOU nā halepule wa opiopio. Ka mea, i paa ma lalo o nā auspices o na alakai kulanui o ke aupuni, o nā 'āina a me ka moku'āina kākoʻo. Ka makahiki aoi HOU Convention paʻa i loko o Rusia mai 2008. He He pola no ka hooulu ana a me kākoʻo o ka hou-iao? Aey? Acaeoey. Na Hana ka Aha-elele ua hele like me ka honua i ka alakai akamai i loko o nā 'epekema kula a me noviceʻepekema, noiʻi, inventors - puka haumāna, kiʻekiʻe kula haumāna. Keia ano o ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN,ʻo kālā waihona kālā i loko o ka Lūkini 'epekema. Ua ua papahana e Loiloi i ka 'imi naʻauao kumu waiwai i loko o ke kula o ka HOU.

halepule fiction

Ka loa, he pono ole kau e hoʻololi i kēia poepoe. Kela a me keia makahiki ma Rusia, a ma ka Moscow e paa ana ia halepule 'epekema fiction kākau moʻolelo, ka loa kaulana i "Aelita" (Ekaterinburg), "Roskon" (Moscow), "Interpresscon" (St. Petersburg), "keʻokeʻo kina" (Kharkov), a me kekahi poe e ae. he nui wale o lakou - keia mea he manawa kupono no ka ike me ka hou kākau a me ka hana, e komo i loko o ka hōʻike o ka hoʻolilo 'ia', na o Nuioka a me ka palapala, ai 'ʻikepili.

Hale mōneka - he hou ano o ka 'ōlelo a me ka' epekema fiction kânaka. No ka laʻana, kânaka o John. R. R. Tolkien kânaka a hana anime papahana "Star Trek." Ma kēia hihia, ia mea i pono i ka wahi o ke anaina fandom, akā, i kekahi ano o ka hale, kahi Fantasy lani a hele mai e ola ana. Mau halepule i lawelawe 'ia ma kekahi mau pae - mai o nā' āina i ka lahui a me, like me ka rula, e makahiki.

Ma kahi e, e paa like hanana no amateurs Philco mele (i kākau 'ia no ka palapala, ai' ole fiction ho film honua).

Nānā 'ole o kou hoʻohana o ka makahiki, he aha-elele - he halawai ke hoʻololi e hoapono i kekahi mea, no ka hooulu ana o ka hou kānāwai, aoao a me ka manaʻolana' ia o? Acaeoey. Ke ano o keia la ua me ka nui loa, nee aku mai ka hoʻokahi wale nō pili aupuni manaʻo nui, loaa ma ka PalaniʻOiʻenehana, a me ka mea i hoʻomaopopo like me ka palapala ana i ka hoʻomaopopo pono a me ka hooulu ana i hou mai la, - 'epekema, ka palapala, ai' ole fictional Fantasy.