Ribosome - He aha ka keia? Ka 'ole o ka ribosome

Kēlā me kēia aeea o kekahi meaola i kekahi luna '' ole ec i ka ai iiiaanoaa o eiiiiiaiou.

Pokole, keena o ke 'ole

Ua ninoieo o kaʻili lahilahi, cytoplasm, organelles, a i ke aupuni ', e like me ka nucleus (koe wale no ka prokaryotes) ma i loaʻa nō DNA nā lātoma. Eia kekahi, he mea he hou aiiay 'ole ma luna o kaʻili lahilahi. Ma holoholona keena o ka glycocalyx, ma nā mea a pau i ke koena - ka halepaahao pa. I mea kanu, ka mea, ua haku o ka kelulose, ma ka fungi - mai chitin, koʻohune - mai ka murein. Kaʻili lahilahi ninoieo o ekolu papa. Mau phospholipid a me kumuʻiʻo therebetween. Ua Ua ili ma a hoolilo o ka waiwai lawe i ka a mai. Kokoke i kēlā me kēia ili i kūikawā amo nā polokina mea i hala aku i loko o ka halepaahao wale i kekahi mau waiwai. Organelles holoholona aeee i na kēia:

• mitochondria, a hana e like me ka "mana" palapala (i loko i ke kaʻina hana o ka halepaahao ka hanu, a me ka hoʻololi kemikala o ka ikehu);
• lysosomes i pihaʻi me kūikawā nā'ūhū no pūnao;
• Golgi nakeke no ka ho'āhu a modifying i kekahi mau waiwai;
• endoplasmic reticulum, i mea e pono ai ka amo ana o Nine Inch;
• centrosome haku o nā centrioles, a i 'ole ma ke kaʻina hana fission;
• nucleolus, a regulates ka pūnao, a hana i kekahi mau organelles;

• ribosomes, a mākou loa kamaʻilio i loko o keia 'atikala;
• kanu aeee i nā organelles: ka vacuole, i mea e pono ai no ka hoʻomāhuahua o ka hua'ōlelo i makemake 'ona i loko o e pili ana me ka hikiʻole, e ia auoiaea ia i ka waho ma muli o ka ikaika aeea paia; plastids, a i maheleia i leucoplasts (kuleana no ka papaa o nutrient Nine Inch hui); chromoplasts i loaʻa ka waihoʻoluʻu pigments; chloroplasts, i mea ma ka chlorophyll a me ka kāʻamaʻai.

Ribosome - He aha ka keia?

Oiai mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana ia i loko o keia 'atikala, ia mea Logical e ninau aku i kēia nīnau. Ribosome - keia organelle, i hiki ke kai piha ma ka pāʻaoʻao paia o ka Golgi luna '. He mea pono e möakäka hou i ka ribosome - ia organelles hookomoia ma keena ma ka nui loa na mea. Kekahi hiki e mai ai i na tausani he umi.

Whereʻikepili mau organelles?

No laila, e like me ua oleloia, o ka ribosome - he 'ole i ka mea ma luna o nā paia o ka Golgi luna'. No hoi ka mea hiki ke holo i ke alalai ole i loko o ka cytoplasm. Ke kolu o koho, a hiki e hoʻonoho ribosome - ka halepaahaoʻili lahilahi. A me ka poe organelles i i loaʻa i loko o kēia wahi, kokoke mai haʻalele ia, a me ua wahi.

Ribosome - 'ole

Like pono, keia nana me ka organelle? Ua nana e like me ka kelepona me ka Tube. Ribosome eukaryotes a me prokaryotes komo o nā'āpana, kekahi o i mea oi ma mua o ka mea 'ē aʻe - emi. Akā, i ka mau o kona eiiiiiaiou mea i hoopili pu iho ai, ia ia mea ma ka maha. Kēia wale nō ka hana i ka wa a ka ribosome keena koke hoʻomaka i ka hana i ko lakou mau oihana. Hana ana au i ke hope. Ribosome, me ka 'ole o ka i ua ho'ākāka' ia ma loko o ka 'atikala, pūʻo Desha i ka elele RNA a me ka wehe' ia 'RNA. e koi mau waiwai, e kākau ma luna o ia i ka mea e pono ai ka 'ike e pili ana i ka halepaahao nā polokina. Ribosome 'ole a mākou e noonoo,ʻaʻoheʻili lahilahi. Kona subunit (ka ai-kapa elua o kona hapalua) ua i hoomaluia.

He aha ke ano o keia organelle i loko o ka halepaahao?

He aha mea kuleana no ka mea o ka ribosome - kumuʻiʻo hoʻololi kemikala. Ua lŘlŘ ma luna o ke kumu o ka 'ike i ua palapala ia ma ka ai-kapaia elele RNA (ribonucleicʻakika). Ribosome 'ole kahi a mākou i ike luna, pili ana i na subunits elua o wale i kumuʻiʻo hoʻololi kemikala - ke kaʻina i kapaia unuhi. I loko o kēia kaʻina hana, ka synthesized polypeptide kaula ke aupuni 'ma waena o nā subunits o ka ribosome.

Hea i ka mea i hana?

Ribosome - organelle, a ua hana ia e ka nucleolus. Kēia kaʻina hana i wahi i ka umi kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao, i ka wā a nā polokina i nā hana i ka mea uuku, a me ka nui subunits.

Pehea o ke kahua o nā polokina?

Ke biosynthesis o nā polokina e wahi i loko o kekahi mau kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao. I ka mua o ia mau mea - o ka'aminoʻakika ho'ā hope. A huina o iwakalua ma laila, ma ka hoʻohuiʻia ia i loko o kekahi aoao, e hiki ke kiʻi ieeeea? O okoa nā polokina. Ma keia pae ana o ka'amino nāʻakika hanaia aminoalits-tRNA. Kēia ke kaʻina hana no mea i hiki ole ke komo o ATP (adenosine triphosphate). Hoi kekahi poe kanaka no kēia kaʻina hana pono i ka makanekiuma cations. Ka lua o ke kahua - o ka hoʻomaka o ka polypeptide kaula, a me ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻohuiʻia nā subunits elua o ka ribosome, a me ka haawi ia ia i nui'amino nāʻakika. Ma kēia kaʻina i komo makanekiuma Ion a me GTP (guanosine triphosphate). Ke kolu o ke kahua me ua kapaia elongation. Ua pololei hoʻololi kemikala o ka polypeptide kaula. Ua Ua hele unuhi hana. Hoopau wale - ka mea e hiki mai ana ke kahua - i ke kaʻina hana o ka disintegration o ribosomes ma luna o ka kanaka subunits a me ka phasing mai o ka hoʻololi kemikala o ka polypeptide kaulahao. Next hele mai ka hope anu u - ka lima - e me ka manaʻoe hana. Ma keia ke kahua o ka hana luna 'hale a mākaukau no ka hoʻohana' ana i ka mea mua, a ua hemahema nā polokina o ka'aminoʻakika kaula. Kēia kaʻina komo ai kekahi nā'ūhū, a me cofactors.

kumuʻiʻo 'ole

Mai ka ribosome 'ole a me ka hana ana mākou i kūkākūkā i loko o keia' atikala, he kuleana no ka hoʻololi kemikala o nā polokina, alaila, e ka nānā ma nā lāliʻi o ko lākou 'ole. He He iniiaiie, kiʻekiʻe, tertiary a me ka quaternary. Ke iniiaiie 'ole o ke kumuʻiʻo - he ho'ākāka' ia ke kaʻina i loko i'amino nāʻakika i hoonohonoho ho okumu i ka haawi mai ke aloha i huiʻia. Ka haumāna 'ole o ke kumuʻiʻo mea he polypeptide kaulahao i hana mai Alpha-helices a me Hoʻokolohua-a lahilahi. Ke tertiary 'ole o ke kumuʻiʻo hoʻolako i kekahi hui malu pu ana o ke Alpha-helices a me Hoʻokolohua-a lahilahi. Ke quaternary 'ole o ka mea ia i loko o ke kahua o ka hookahi macromolecular ho okumu. Ia mea he huihui 'ana o Alpha-helices a me Hoʻokolohua-hale palapala globules paha fibrils. E like me keia rula, nāʻano o nā polokina hiki ke hōʻike '- fibrous a me ka globular. Mawaena o ka mea ma mua, e like me actin a me myosin, ke Muscle o i i hana ai. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike o ka lua o ka hiki hookauwa hemoglobin, immunoglobulin a me na mea e ae. Fibrillar nā polokina e hoohalike ai i ka filament puluniu. Globular hou e like me ka hihipeʻa o ka ulana pūʻia ma waena o ka Alpha-helices a me Hoʻokolohua-a lahilahi.

He aha ka denaturation?

pono i lohe a pau i ka olelo. Denaturation - o ke kaʻina hana o ka make ana o ke kumuʻiʻo 'ole - mua quaternary, tertiary laila, a ma hope o - a me nā haumāna. Ma kekahi manawa, aia no a me ka hoʻopau o ka iniiaiie 'ole o ke kumuʻiʻo. Kēia kaʻina hana hiki'ākoʻakoʻa ma muli o ka waiū a hiki i keia wela kiʻekiʻe o ka ke aloha mea. Penei, hiki ke malama i ka denaturation o ke kumuʻiʻo ka wā hoolapalapa hua. Ma ka hapanui o hoopii, i kēia kaʻina mea irreversible. Penei, ma ke ana wela ma luna o kanaha mau degere hoʻomaka ka denaturation o hemoglobin kaumaha loa ia hyperthermia ola mau olelo hooweliweli. Denaturation o nā polokina i ho'ākāka 'ia i nukelea nāʻakika hiki ke malama i ka digestive kaʻina, ka wā hoʻohana'ūhū pili kino luna' ke aloha i huiʻia i simpler.

ka hopena

Ke kūlana o ka ribosome ka loa paʻakikī e overestimate. Ka mea, i ke kumu o ke ola o ke keena. Ma muli o ia mau organelles, ka mea hiki ke hana i nā nā polokina e ia ai no keʻano o ka hana. Ke aloha i huiʻia ho okumu i ribosomes pāʻani i ka aiiay kūlana ma ka amo, i ke kūlana o ka hōʻeleu, e hana ana i nā puke no aeee, enzymatic, hoʻokonukonu (nui hormones i kumuʻiʻo 'ole). Nolaila, ua hiki ke manao nei makou, o ka ribosome e hana i kekahi o ka mea nui i hana 'ia ma ka halepaahao. No ke aha ka mea, i ka nui o ka - aeea mau pono i nā huahana synthesized ma kēia mau organelles.