He aha waiwai kapa aldehydes a me ketones? Ka hoʻohana a aldehydes

I huiʻia me ka i loko o kona 'ole o ka carbonyl pūʻulu i aldehydes a me ketones. Nā aldehydes (RCOH) carbonyl pūʻulu ua palapala hoopaa i ka hydrocarbon'ano'ē a me kekahi hydrogen'Ātoma. I ole ia, e hiki ke olelo ia mau waiwai pihaʻi me aldehyde pae (-COH), ma a ka carbonyl-oaio? Ua e pili ana me ka hydrogen'Ātoma. Nā ketones (RCOR '), elua hydrocarbon radicals palapala hoopaa i ka carbonyl hui. Ka inoa e hele mai, mai ka aldehyde nāʻakika, ma a ka'okesaside ka mea, e huli mai, e laʻa me, puamauu (formaldehyde),'eto (acetaldehyde), propionaldehyde, butyric, valeric aldehydes. E like me ka lahui nomenclature kapaia aldehydes: ethanal, propanal. Names o ka inoa ketone palapala radicals, i ka i i pākuʻi pau ketone. No ka laʻana, dimethyl ketone (acetone), meto'eto ketone. Ke poʻo inoa Ka lahui nomenclature ketone hele mai, mai ka hou mai o hydrocarbon panina -one, a me ka wahi o ka IeIIeYOA o ka carbonyl pūʻulu Hōʻike i ka helu, no ka laʻana 2-propanone, 2-butanone. E ho ohana i ka aldehydes a me ketones, ka hoʻopiʻi i ko lakou kino a me ka Nine Inch waiwai.

Aldehydes mea, he pono ole i loko o ke aloha kemika. ka mea, e pili ana na mea he nui no keia me kēia mau waiwai. Aldehydes i ka waiwai i mea e lauwili, a hilinaʻi ma ka'ano'ē aha ka lātoma. Lower Lunamakaainana - formic aldehyde - kinoea, mahope - ke kinowai, puaʻa hiwa i kahi maikai ae. Formaldehyde a me ka acetaldehyde ua nui pono wailana i loko o ka wai, i ka solubility o nā homologs emi me ka mahuahua hakakino kaumaha. Formic a acetic aldehydes i ka pungent ala. Ka waiwai a me ka hoʻohana 'ana o aldehydes aie a hiki i ke alo i loko o kā lākou lātoma ka carbonyl pae.

Mau lalo lālā o kēia homologous moʻo ma ka "hoʻohana o aldehydes" i ka loa nui a hiki i ka oihana waiwai - ka formaldehyde a me ka acetaldehyde. Formaldehyde ua hua mai ma luna o ka unahiʻole, i nui, e pili ana i 6 miliona. Tona / makahiki. Ua Uaʻano nui hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o kēpau. Hoomakaukau e polycondensation o ka urea , urea-formaldehyde kēpau koi 'ia no ka hana o ka puluniu, a huna papa, urea-formaldehyde hua, no ka hana ana i pulu ikaika ka pepa a me ka paperboard. ʻO kekahi mea nui ana o ka aldehyde ma muli o ka naoh o formaldehyde me ka phenol polycondensation. Ke resultant o ke kaʻina phenol formaldehyde kēpau (Bakelite) mea unsurpassed mea, i mea i koi ia ma ma paʻi 'enekinia, i loko o ka hana o ka abrasive pou huahana, i loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o lacquers a me adhesives. Hoomakaukauia mai formaldehyde mea lāʻau lapaʻau hoomakaukau (formaldehyde pāʻoihana ike like formalin, ua hoʻohana 'ia ma ka lāʻau lapaʻau), kemikala laholio, pōkā pahū a me na mea he nui' ē aʻe ke aloha 'ona.

Acetaldehyde ua hookahi ka Hoʻohaku huina hoonui, akā,? Iecaianoaaiiie puke iho, he, manawa ia paka emi o 1 miliona. Tona / makahiki. Mua, ka hoʻohana 'ana loina acetaldehyde ua like maka mea no aceticʻakika. Kēia palapala noi acetaldehyde ua hoʻemi i loko o nā makahiki, no ka mea, aceticʻakika ua hua mai la i oi ka maiau mai metanola (Monsanto kaʻina a me Cativa kaʻina). Mai ka viewpoint o ka condensation naoh, acetaldehyde mea he nui maka mea no ka pyridine nā mea loaʻa o ka pentaerythritol a me ka crotonaldehyde. Acetaldehyde Pono no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o Ka lula ea Ke (pono keia mau mea kēpau hoomakaukauia mai urea a me ka acetaldehyde).

Other lālā o kēia homologous moʻo i kekahi i loko o ke koi ma ke kuai. Commercial ana o aldehydes ua pinepine ka mea, e hoʻohana i maka mea no ka hoʻololi kemikala o oxo waiʻona like 'ole hoʻohana' ia i loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o detergents. Kekahi kiekie aldehydes i hua mai la i ka poe liilii, na mea (emi o 1000 tona / makahiki) a hoʻohana 'ia me kaʻono nā mea hoʻohui i ka meaʻala. Mau nā ke kinamona, a me kona nā mea loaʻa, a me ka citral lilial.