"Tulip" kahua. 2S4 "Tulip" (240 mm) - ka pakiko-propelled papa wiliʻai kanu

Iloko o ka piha-me ka unahiʻole hostilities, a me ka ke alo hana, e hoopakele ikaika ke ahi pepehi iho at ia ma luna o kaʻenemi hoʻohana i keʻano o ke Kao lele lako kaua me ka mea kaua mea. No nui o ka manawa kūpono o na la i kā mākou poino ma ka hihia o ka hoouka ma ka luawai-hoʻomākaukau e pale aku ia laina. Kī pūʻana o nā pū, hoʻololi i ke komo 'mimiki ma luna o ka honua pelatano me ka i lalo ke kinoea make i ka lele i ano laulā, ineffective. Hūnāʻia lola honua puʻukaua i hoomaluia, e luku ia lakou, e lawe i ka poepoe maikai mai i ka luna. I kekahi manawa e huli mai i ka mea makehewa wale, ma naʻe o ka nui wahi ana o ka luku a me ka thermal aʻe, a he ano o ke volley ahi.

"Tulip"

Photos o keia pakiko-propelled lepo uwila ma luna o nā kahua a me nā 'aoʻao o ka paʻi puke e pili ana i nā hanana lono kaumaha i loko o ka Hikina o Ukraine. Hoomalu Kuhina Valery Geleta, kipa Poland, i mai la malaila i keia "mea hou" mea pepehi waiho ma ka hoʻolilo o ka militias o ka palena hikina, a hiki i ka hoao i loko o ka maoli hakakā. Koke ia E e hoʻomaopopo i ka pakiko-propelled papa wiliʻai mea e ole o ia hoʻi, i ka olelo hope a Lūkini koa, aʻanoʻenehana E hana 'ia, ka mea, ua laweʻia mai o ka? Iecaianoaaiiuo no ka hapaha o ke kenekulia aku nei. i i Where na puali koa'ōnaehana "tulip"? Koa kōkua i ka "'ākau hoalauna," i kekahi mea. E like me ke koʻokoʻo o ke DNI (akā, elua o ia wale nō) mea hoʻonoho pio i ke kaua i ka enemi,ʻapu, kekahi ma lalo o ka Big huewai, ka mea'ē aʻe i loko o Ilovaiskaya ieoaeunoai. Akā, uaʻoi loa i ka hilahila ia lakou i haawiia i ka mea pohihihi Nine Inch, a hiki nukelea mea kaua i ke pana i ka allegedly pakiko-propelled wili. Hou Aey? Acaeoey i i hoʻopaʻa i nāʻino makau o Ukrainian ke keʻena luna ATO. Naʻe, i ka ninau koe me ia ina na kumu a pau, e lawe i ka manawa kūpono o ka hoʻohana militias mea kaua o ka nuipa a ka make, a me ka aha i ka'ōnaehana "tulip"? Ua mea anei pela weliweli? He aha e na koho? Na manao no ka i ka mea i hana a me ka wā? He aha ka make ka mea, hiki maoli paka, i loko o nā hua'ōlelo, ka mea i ka tactical a me ka oaoieei ikepili? Aie i ka pinepine olelo ai i loko o ka Media o kēia 'ano o ka mea e hookiekie i ka paku o ka mahuka hope i mea i hunaia mea kaua'ōnaehana "Tulip".

Fluctuations ma ka aoao laina

Ua piha ka hana keaka i ka moolelo o ka puka paha-kaua ulu o Soviet mea kaua pakiko-propelled nenoaiu, a no laila ka mea, o loa hana hoihoi. Ma hope o ka kilakila Ua Hopu o Soviet Kao lele lako kaua enehana, ka hanaia'na o Melia ballistic nā moku halihali mokulele a me ka Launch o ka ukali mua i loko o ke aupuni o ka alakaʻi i loko o ka maka o ka First Kakauolelo o ke Komite Central o ka CPSU , NS Khrushchev i waho i ka manaʻo i pu ae hoʻolele mea lele - ". Stone Age" ka e ka mua lā, E paʻa ana i ka 'aoʻao alakaʻi ho'āʻo e hoʻopaʻapaʻa ana, akā, hāʻawi nō kona mau hikiwawe, i ka mea, e aho timidly, a alakai ai i aneane piha loa ia'na o ka Soviet Union mea kaua i ka pale kaua me kaʻenemi poe koa. "Ma lalo o ka pahi" ua pau nui-caliber nunui, a hiki battleships ma luna i ka mea i hoʻouka kekahi. Akā, he mau Aey? Acaeoey ... No paha, iloko o ka CB kaua B. Shavyrina papahana M-240 240 mm o papa wiliʻai, i ka 1951, hele akula i loko o moʻo. Ke ahi ka mea, ke malama i ka mamao o ka 8 kilomika, a me ka spetszaryadom, a mai ia 9,7 ei. Mina (lele me ka haloʻole) kaupaona iho la 130 kg, ka mea, ua hanaiia i loko o ka barela breech, e like pū. Kona mana pohō wale i alakai ai i ka panina o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie i ka 1958.

Ma hope o kona wehe 'ia, mai ka lāʻau kū o ka "Kakauolelo Nui, i ka hana mana hana," i ka hou alakaʻi i hoi aku ai i ka manaʻo o ka e pili ana i ka nui-caliber mea kaua hakakā kaa. Ili i ka hoʻoilina o na makahiki kaua kaumaha lakou hāpana. Ma ke kālā no ke kaua, i ka SU-100 a me SU-152 ke wale ÷ ike i ka inevitability o ka loa a me ka pohō wale obsolescence.

Ia manawa, i ka US Army ma Vietnam noi i ka M-109 howitzer kahua, ma o na la 'inoʻino loa i ka Viet Cong hao wale. Pana costing ka US Waihona oi cheaply airstrike a ke Kao lele lako kaua salvo, a me ka hopena mea i emi iki mahope o.

Design Buro pū i ka mea kaua, i haawiia mai ai ka hana koke i ka olelo hooholo o ka Komite Central a me ka 'Aha o Kuhina ma luna o ka ulu ana o ka hou ka hoʻoponopono-propelled mea kaua nenoai. Ma ka hopena o sixties o ka Kharkov kaʻa kauō-pahu hola me ka hikiwawe e loaa e hoʻomaka? Iecaianoaaiiuo o 2C2 "Carnation" 122mm i, Volgograd hana 122-millimeter "Lila" a ma ka Urals, hele ma nā Eia kekahi laʻana. Ka mea, lilo ", he laau" (pakiko-propelled howitzer 152mm) a me ka papa wiliʻai'ōnaehana "tulip". Oia nō na pua.

Pilikia a me ke kaʻa

Ua maliuʻia no ka hooulu ana o kekahi hanana hāpana o ka manawa, ke kookoo KB, alakaʻiʻia Yuriem Tomashovym, hiki i noonoo wale ai me ka nui o na pilikia ka mea, e maka. Eia naʻe, ma ka Perm Machine-Building Plant kapaʻia ma hope o VI Lenin (e ka "MZ"), ka mea i makau i ka pilikia, a kūpono ke hoʻoponopono i nā mea a pau pilikia hana, a me ka ua nui. Eloquently e pili ana i ka resourcefulness a me ingenuity o ka Soviet nā kānakaʻenehana e olelo aku nei na umi kope palapala i loaa mai ai i loko o ka papa o ka papahana 2S4 "Tulip".

I ka papa kuhikuhiE bottlenecks he elua: o ka hailonaʻana o ke kaupaona ana'ōnaehana a me ka launaʻole, i hoi mai no ka puna. Pūʻolo kaa, a i mua manao e pili, ua lawa ole e hali ana nona iho, ka mea hiki ke lawe 21,4 tons (i mea i loa nui). "Tulip" nenoaiu, nae, kaupaona iho la oi ma mua o iwakalua-ehiku. State-akea pale hana ke kākoʻo '-ana i kokua mai ai i ke hoʻoponopono i kēia pilikia. CB "Transmash" Ua mua i ke kaa no Caeiiiaaoaeunoaa? Launcher "Circle", a ua hoʻoholo ihola i ka hoʻohana, hana i ka pono mall hoʻololi. Waiho hou i ka 400-horsepower engine me ka oi loa aku kou mana (520 Hp) Wehewehe i nā hāʻina i ka pilikia o ka hoʻoulu i ka mämä holo a me ka hana i ke ola o ka 3,000 a hiki i 5,000 km), no ka mea, ke ahi "Tulip" nenoai Ua noho i loko o ke kaua maoli, neʻe hou a me ka wikiwiki o ka rocket launchers. Oe hiki ole hoʻopaʻapaʻa ana i ke kaʻa hele KB Yu Tomashov pau, ia ia no e me ka nui loa hakuloli ma ke kūapoʻana mai i ka 80% o nā kumu mua pūʻolo kumu, akā, me ka pomaikai, mai ke alu like 'ana me subcontractors mea C. Brewer.

A i ka hoʻi!

Iloko o ka hōʻike, ka mea mua mana prototype ikea ai honua "Rzhevka" mau leo pana pua aku makou, kani ana. Akolu hahai. Ke kumu - kaumaha hana hōʻeuʻeu nalu i hana i kekahi nenoaiu o "tulip". Super ike loea a me ka Naha Pōhaku-uaua koa hana wawahi iho, a hoʻi ea hahau. Ke kākoʻo papa aia ma luna o ka hale noho, Hi ohia, a me ka wahie poʻina nalu crumpled like pepa. Ka puupuu ua oi ko lakou ikaika, ka mea i oaeuiinoe i 450 tona. hiki lawe ia ma luna wale nō o ka honua, a me ka manaʻo o ke kākauʻana ma luna o ka mīkini maoli i ia e haalele. kūikawā punohu a hakumakuma pa alima me neaa makou a holo i ke hoʻololi, e kapi ana ka barela i loko o ke kī pūʻana kulana.

No laila, nui ke kākoʻo 'ana i uku aku ai. I ho'āʻo ma ma ka paena kokoke Kaliningrad loa ikaika loa howitzer pūkuniahi 152 mm o caliber hiki ole i nui ka poino i ka pōhaku puna pillboxes, oiai ko lakou mua LIKE luku i ka'ōnaehana o "tulip". Mea kaua, kona hoakaka kona laulā a me ka pono i hele i loko o nuipa a? Iecaianoaaiiuo. I ka makahiki 1969, ua kūkuluʻia ekolu kope, a me ka hāpana ua kauoha aku hookama no elua makahiki.

kino

Ka hoʻomauʻana - maikaʻi ma Hawaiʻi no nā mea kaua. enehana oʻo, a ai oaoieei-ʻikepili pili ana i ka palapala pono, ke kāpaeʻana i ka hoʻokali kūpono 'me ka haohao i hana. Ballistics a me ka'ōnaehana ano o ka barela ahi "Tulip" loa like me ke ano o ka huina hoonui M-240, hoʻomohala i ka penultimate makahiki o ke kaua ma lalo o ke alakaʻiʻana o N. Kalachnikova a me S. N. Dernova, hahao i loko o hana i ka 1958. Perm Machine SKB i hoʻokumu i ka ke kaulaʻoka, "papa wiliʻai waiwai", i hiki ole ke oni kū kaʻawale (koi kaʻa kauō), akā, i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka firepower. He 'āhewa' ana i ka breech, i mālama ai i ka puka pa-i. A hiki i ka makahiki 1967 i hoomaka ai ke hoʻololi i ka'ōnaehana, "Tulip", he mea pepehi loaa kona mau kaʻa, a he nui nā huahelu, e haawi ana ia oi hemolele, akā, i ka waiwai ka mea, ua mahuahua (mai i 200 tausani Soviet rubles) kekahi.

Ke prototype ua ma Lūkini alodio akā, loa ike loea a me ka pololei, no hoi ma ka laina me ke aupuni kuʻuna Hawaiʻi. Recoil lima kūlana kiʻekiʻe i loko o ka hana i nalowale, ka mīkini Ua lako pono me ka hoʻohewaʻano papa hana ka makemakeʻana, pua no ka hoolilo ana i ke kī pūʻana kulana, shvornevoy wāwae aku, compensators, i ke kanaka hewa papa (ia ia, ma ka hopena, a he e hoʻi), e like me ka ike. Oia laila, i ke ahi ke alakai ma ka ewalu kilomika, a ma ka 1953 i hoemi ia 9,7 ei keia mamao ma ka lilo o ka lōʻihi-huahelu kūikawā hulu lele.

Ke kumu o keia papa wiliʻai kaumaha a me ka hoʻoilina nenoai, "Tulip", aponoia e ka Soviet Army hoomaka i ka makahiki 1971.

Special ammunition "Daredevil"

Ka luku mana o kēia mau mea kaua, ua kū hoʻokahi i waena o papa wiliʻai. No ka hoʻoukaʻia koi 'ia he kupaianahaʻano papa hana. Funnel a ka Naita me ia hana lele pū 2C4 "tulip" he 130 kg i loko o ka Naita me ia i ke anawaena o ka 10 mau mika. Ke mau kauoha ua i mai o nā paona o TNT. Kēia mea he mana nui, akā, 'Aʻohe wai iaʻu, mai ia, no ka holomua pio o ka pale umauma hoʻokahi ua koi' ia a me ka pololei. E hoʻoikaika 'ia pono he kūikawā alakaʻi'ōnaehana, a hoakaka i ka manawa ana i ma-holo e hooponopono. Aponoia ma ka 1982, ka mea i hookama pakahi aku la ia pololei "Daredevil" (1K113) me ka nui uuku o ka uku ole (69 kg), akā, i hoʻolako pono me kaʻewalu-ʻaoʻao paa-rocket thrusters. Kēia kūikawā ammunition, i mea he hapalua o ka mea kaua iwi, a me ke Kao lele lako kaua i kona iho hooponopono noiʻi, a me ka laʻau kuhikuhi rangefinder. alakaʻi? iaea ua lawe mai ma ka hoʻomālamalama me ke kukuna mea ulana lole. lako a hana manawa, ua emi iho malalo o ekolu kekona, i hua i haʻalele i kekahi manawa, e ola enemi me ke ahiahi, o ka loa technologically holomua hana hiki o lolouila kaua, a kauoha ia e electromagnetic a 'ākeʻakeʻa.

Other ano o mines

"Daredevil" no kona hoa i ua i ka lele ke hoʻololi e hoouka aku me na mea kaua kaa. Kēia i ole kona lawe i loko o nā hana, e like me kīmopō, a i loaa mau nui i ke kaua i loko o Afghanistan. Helehelena mea pepehi ia i ike ai i ka nui lehulehu, mea e hana ai, i ka'ōnaehana "Tulip" - ke koa. Photo o ka kaupalena contingent o Soviet Army na koa a me na ilamuku makemake e holoʻokoʻa i hele mai ia lakou iho ma luna o ke kāʻei kua o ka nunui papa wiliʻai, mea objectionable i loko o ke kula o ka censorship no kumu o ka mahuka. He mea känalua 'ka mea, ua ole. Ke hoʻohana i kēia 'ano o ka mea pepehi i ole hoolaha. Arsenal ammunition, i hiki ke hoopiiia papa wiliʻai 2S4 "Tulip" like. Inā he mālili hoopii a hooku iho la huiwaina "Nerpa" i loko o ka Naita me ia i hoopuehu mai ai i kiʻekiʻe-pahū hehee wale ZOF16 a mea hō'ā ahi "Sajda" hiki no napalm, e kuni i ka mea a pau ke ola ma luna o ka wahi o ka aneane 8000ʻahā like mika. m.

Akā, 'Aʻohe wai iaʻu, mai ka mau malama, hiki ke hoʻohana' a me kona poe. No ka laʻana, tactical koʻu nukelea mana i loko o nā kilotons (3VB4) ole neutron ( "paku" a me "kēpau"). About Nine Inch munitions ua iʻike, akā, me ka laulā o ka hakakā i ka hana-mokulele hēkī haawi'ōnaehana i ka umi tausani kilomika paipai ia ia i ka manawa kūpono.

I ka maikaʻi: "Tulip" a MRL?

E hoopakele nunui pepehi iho at ia e ku e ka enemi ma ka manawa o ka kūwaho hoʻi kāna hana e lawelawe ana o nā makahiki ma na aina, ka hapanui pinepine ia ia MLRS "Kuisa:" BM-21. Ma keia kau, he nui ka helu o ka pono, a me kŘpa a haʻahaʻa waiwai e lilo aku, ke akahai, a me ka pono nui luku mana o ke keakea, akā, he kaumaha piliʻoki lāʻau lapaʻau hahau "Kuisa:" hiki ole. Kona pūpū i uncontrollable,ʻaʻohe maalea no ka iaea o ko lakou manao i ole, akā, ma luna ia mea,ʻaʻole no i hana i kēia kahua. Inā 'oe makemake e ku i ka ke keʻena luna, palapala-oaio? A' ē aʻe uuku e hoopii mai ai, ia mea pono e Makuakane me keia i ka hanaia papa wiliʻai "Tulip". mau Launch rocket'ōnaehana hana ma luna o ka wahi, kona pūpū "makapö". E hoohalike mau hoʻokokoke mai i kekahi a me ke ahi suppression hana ia hiki ke poe ma ka pahi kaua, a me ka pahi. I kekahi o kēia mauʻano o nā mea kaua kōmi 'ana i ke pono, akā, kela mea keia mea o ko lakou - kā lākou manawa.

Ma ka Ia mämä, "Tulip" mea,ʻaʻole he uuku no na mea paahana a me ka nuipa a ka nui o ka ammunition, hoʻokahi pana no minuke, i mea elima mau manawa wikiwiki ma mua o ka prototype M-240. Keia ua loaʻa ma ke kū hoʻokahi hoʻokaʻa ke kūʻai akuʻano papa hana, invented e Yu Tomaszów.

Ma ia mau manawa ma ka papakaukau Kao lele lako kaua me ka mea kaua hoomalolo, ia mea paakiki e hoʻohana i na Ka Uluwehi O Ke mea kaua e like me ka "tulip". mau rocket launchers "makani pāhili" ( 'ole "Castle") e e pono, a me ka huahelu (i ka 40 km), a me ka helu i hoopuka ia ma ka mokuna leho manawa.

Afghanistan

Ma hope iho o ke kaua ana o ke aupuni Repubalika o Afghanistan, ke koa alakaʻi i ole koke mahalo i ka Loaʻaʻia o kēia mea kaua. Mawaena o ka Pahuhopu kumu no kēia loaʻa i ka nele o ka hana a me ka pana mākau ma ka mauna, ka wā o nā pae o ke kī pūʻana kumu a me nā pale kaua lauwili nunui. Au i e aʻo i loko o ka papa o hostilities. Eia hou kekahi, ka mea i ikeia e like ia me ka nui-unahiʻole, i kaua e ole, a me ka poʻe kaua koke, ma hope o ke kōkua pōkole pono, a e hoʻi i ka USSR. Aia he mau pilikia me ka halihali i ka poe ilihune kahi pohaku alanui no laila, kaumaha machines, i ka'ōnaehana "Tulip". Ka papa wiliʻai, no nae, ua i koi no manawa. O 588 pu ua hanaʻia ma mua 1988, i loko o ke kaua Afghan, i hele ma ka 120 huahelu i kēiaʻano hana. Hoʻohana 'iaʻano nuiʻike mau kiʻekiʻe-pahū fragmentation pūpū, akā, i loko o kekahi mau hihia, ma ke koi' ia kiʻekiʻe pololei pio mea kaua noi i ka "Braves" kukuna? Iaea, ka pahiki o ka pololei LIKE i loko o ka ekolu-mika pahu hopu i hele mai i ka 90%. A mau mea nui'ōnaehana "tulip" loaa ia lakou ma ka hanaʻino mai paa wahi hoʻolako pono me ka ma nā pā kaua, a me ka make o ka hoʻouku mau wahi i hoomoanaʻi ma na ana. Ua loaʻa iā ia ka waiwai o kūloko specificity. I ka papa kuhikuhiE mea hoʻohana poe o Anati-aupuni koa no ka hana o ka pakaua ma Afghanistan ua argillaceous pōhaku pōhaku pahee lawa ia Pohō lākou i ka 122-mm o howitzer pūpū, a i ole uhaʻiʻia, a, me ka, i ole i ka nui o ka poino i defenders. Art. 'ōnaehana "Tulip" Ua hua mai la i kona 240-millimeter 130-kilogram koʻu loa ikaika loa ia'na. A i ka wa e noonoo ia i ka puu o ka mana hui me ka pololei kiʻekiʻe o ke ahi, i ka waiwai o kēia mau lako kaua mea e ia he kupono. Afghanistan i ka mua hihia o kona hakakāʻana i. Akā, Eia naʻe, i ka hope.

Chechnya a me nā koa paipai aʻo kai eʻe

Ma waena o ka nui o nā 'āina o onei i lua ma ka mua Soviet Union koke ma hope o kona'opi, ka noho pilikia loa no ka Lūkini moku'āina a me kona ka manaʻolana' ia ua ka Chechen kaua. Ua hoʻomaka 'loa ino, a ua alakaʻi me ka hoʻohana' ana o ka aneane a pau ano o nā mea kaua, me ka hooko ana me kekahi mea a pau o ka proportionality. A alakai aku ia i ka propaganda kaua. Ma hope iho o ka make ana o kona noho Dzhokhar Dudayev i hoopiiia pekelala lehulehu ma o ka hoʻohana o nukelea mea kaua. I ka mea, o ka papa, i'ātoma hopeʻia ka Lūkini Army ua ole Ho'ā hou. I ka hale aliʻi kī'ōnaehana "Tulip". Photos o na mea hina, nae, hiki ia i ka kekahi, eo propaganda kaha kiʻi o keia mana o ka hanana. Mina wawahi ma ka hale, palaoa a pau palaoa, a exploded, ka hana i ka weliweli halulu mai i loko o ka'ōpao.

I ka manawa o ka ho'opi'i'elua o kā Chechen, ua ho'ohana nui'ia kēia mea kaua'oi loa. 2US4 "Tulip" no nā mahina'elua i ho'oku'u'ia i mua o ka'enemi ma mua o ka hapalua mau minuke, e like me 60 laser-corrected a 40 cassette.

'O ke kikowaena pūnaewele a me ka mīkini "Tulip" he kūikawā,'a'ohe mea like'ole i ka hana o ka'oihana o ka honua. 'O kekahi mea'ano like kēia i ho'ā'o'ia e nā'Amelika ma ka hopena o ke Kaua Honua'elua, akā'o ka ho'omaka koke'ana o ka papahana ma hope o ka loa'a'ana o nā pilikia he nui i ka po'e ho'okele, a ma hope o ka ha'alele'ana o ka German, ua nele ka Pentagon i ka ho'onui'ana i ka papa kila.

'O ka "Tulip", he'oia'i'o, drawbacks. He kaumaha ka mīkini, no ka mea,'oi loa ke ki'eki'e o ka pū. 'O ka po'e holo, he mau kāne'elima paha, i ka wā o ka hui'ana me kahi pūkuniahi i ho'ona'auao maika'i'ia a ho'oku'u'ia, he'enemi kipi no ka hui, e'ike'ia'o ia ma kahi ha'alulu. Ho'omaopopo ka po'e'ike i kahi li'ili'i loa (emi mai ma mua o 10 km no nā pūpū kahiko a hiki i ka iwakālua no nā missiles) -e ho'onāukiuki i nā kūlana no ka ho'ohana'ana i nā koina kūikawā ('a'ole i hiki i kēia manawa).

'Ae, me ka nele'ole o nā mea'ino o ka'enehana. Eia kekahi, mai ka makahiki 1988'a'ole i hua'ia "Tulip".