Veliky Novgorod, Yaroslav ka Aha: he loiloi, hiʻona, Hawaii a me ka hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo

Yaroslav ka Aha, a me nā aiao? Oi? - i ka mea kahiko kuhikuhipuʻuone luna 'la i ka malamaia, mai ka manawa mai o kahiko Rus. Ka mea ua hoomaluia e ke aupuni, a me ia ma ka papa inoa o ka World hoʻoilina o UNESCO.

ia ua

He nui ka mōʻaukala kia hoʻomanaʻo i piha o Veliky Novgorod. Yaroslav ka Aha - kekahi o nā kūlana hale i wale i ke kulanakauhale, akā, i ka pau ana o Rusia. Ua haawiia mai i ka inoa o ka luna 'o ka inoa o Prince Yaroslav, hope alii iho la oia ma Kiev, kahi āna i hāʻawiʻia i ka hou inoa - Wise. Hawaiʻi nei, ma ka kae akau o ka muliwai Volkhov ua kuai kekahi hapa o ke kulanakauhale, i kahi o mai ka manawa mau loa aku i iai? Oaiaaiea poʻe kālepa, a lawe mai veche uku.

Nā Pono hanaʻeliʻana kuhikuhi ana i ka wa e kaawale aku ana i kekahi hale, kauhale, a me ko läkou 'o kanaka alo i loko o ka aina o ka Aha i 10th ke kenekulia. I ke kakahiaka nui 11th kenekulia, Prince Yaroslav o ke kahua i ka pā kaua, i nā Likes o i i ole ia maʻEulopa. Hulikoehana noiʻi lawe mai i loko o ke kia-kaua makahiki, paipai i ka wahi ma waena o St. Rotehama Hale Pule Nui a me ka puka hale kiai, no a hiki i ka Gostiny Dvor, loaʻa ko läkou 'o ka laau hale nui wahi.

I Yaroslav ka Aha, a me nā aiao? Oi?ʻeliʻana i kauoha ia e Kumu door Artsikhovsky, a ma kona manao, loaʻa ke kahua e pili ana i ka luna o ka keʻena. E möakäka hou hana i ua mothballed a maikaʻi manawa, ka wā archaeologists e i ka pono lako a pan e kumu ole wale i ka maluhia o ke kiʻi, akā, i ka manawa kūpono o ka piha mahele.

hookohu

E kūkulu i ka hale, Prince Yaroslav loaʻa iā ia iho ma ka waena konu o ka pāʻoihana ola i loko o Veliky Novgorod. Ka mua iki i loko o ka moʻolelo o ka luna 'lā hoʻi i ka 1030 makahiki, i loko o kēia wā i ke kulanakauhale nui i hapa o ka bustling kalepa ala hele, mai Scandinavia a hiki i Byzantium. Ma ka palena e hoomaino lehulehu ikona? Aeia, ma ka waiwai i unloaded hekau gula, ka lole, na mea ala, a me ka oi hohola mai a puni ke ao nei i loko o Veliky Novgorod.

By Yaroslav Novgorod ia me ka mahalo a me ke aloha. Mai ke ole e uku i ka makahiki hookupu i ka mō'ī Kiev, noho palua kōkua iā ia i loko o ke kaua no ka noho aliʻi o Kiev, a ma ka hopena - a pau ua lawe mai ia i ka lanakila. Paha kēia e pili ana i ke alii mea pono i kona koke ai i na kanaka a me ka ikaika launa pu ma ka kālepa kahiko.

Yaroslav ka Aha, 'ē aʻe ma mua o ka hooko, a ikona mākaʻikaʻi, hooko, a me ka papa hookahi, i loko o kaʻaha kanaka, hōʻiliʻili Novgorod. Ka wahi o na halawai ua he uuku wahi kokoke i ka Saint Rotehama Hale Pule Nui, Novgorod. Kekahi mau moʻolelo manaʻo i ke keʻena ma luna i ole ana i nā kānaka e noho ana i loko o ke kūlanakauhale, akā, wale 'elele o ka maikaiʻohana, haawiia keia i like "300 gula kāʻei." Neaiae i ka ohi i mālama ai i ka ringing o ke anaina kanaka bele.

Ma ka 15th kenekulia ia lilo kona kuokoa Novgorod. Yaroslav ka Aha hele ma ka'āina hoʻoili no ka Prince Ivan III, ka mea i lawe mai i kaʻaha kanaka bele i Moscow a me ka ?? eoi? Hoʻomaka e kūkulu i ma kou iho. Mai ka 16th kenekulia, ma hope o ke ano o ka manaʻo nui viceroys ka Aha i loaa ka inoa lua o "State".

Me kekahi bele nakinaki kekahi mau kaao. Ma kekahi o ia mau mea, ma Valdai ia i ili ma luna o nā tausani o ka uuku bele, a nō hāpai i ke kaulana o Novgorod-ku-okoa nā hualoaʻa a. Ma ka lua o ka moolelo, Ua hoʻouka kekahi o ka bele ma ka Kremlin ka Spassky Tower ma Moscow, a me ka tocsin hoʻomaopopo 'o ia kanaka e pili ana i na ino. Ma kekahi o na ahi,ʻo ia, hina iho la, a wawahi iho la, ma hope a Petero aʻu i kauoha aku i kekahi o kona wahi e ka hopena he ka hou kekahi.

KUMUMANAʻO NUI wahi

Russian statehood originates mai Veliky Novgorod. Yaroslav ka Aha ma hope o kekahi manawa ua ulu Makamua aiao? Oi? - i ka anuu, kahi dila i i, lawelawe 'ia he brisk kalepa, a me ka pukaʻana kuai papa. Novgorod Torg hoʻokūkū ana me ka nui bazaars maʻEulopa a me Asia. i hiki wawe ko muliwai ala hele, a me ka pono-hehi ai? ooia hoʻoponopono iho Novgorod poe kalepa ma ka Dnieper, a me ka Black Sea i Constantinople a me Peresia, he pohihihi loa pāʻoihana holo ana i Enelani, Falanadera, ka Kelemānia kuai. E kuai moku hekau Baltic a me ka White Sea.

E like me ia i koena palapala ka mea, ua ike i na kanaka o Novgorod ua makaainana kālepa me nā lāhui - malama i ka aelike i lako, a kūʻai lilo mai kekahi, ma ka ae pono ke alu like, etc. Local poe kalepa, he loko i ka mea pono i ka monopoly, ma ka Novgorod'ī akuʻoe i nā malihini i ole, ua kuai lilo aku, o ka poe kalepa lakou hana i loko o ka manaʻo o ka huakaʻi i ke kai waiwai .. ma Rusia.

Gostiny Dvor

Makamua Torg ua kaulana ole wale ma na waiwai a me ka nui-pālākiō kālā ana, akā, i kuai ana o ka waiwai o kūloko poe paahana. Ua e lauwili Novgorod akamai, pakahi aku la ia kiʻekiʻe-ka pono a me ka mahalo noʻeau huahana i i ke kālā, i aloha kuaiia, i loko o nā wahi likeʻole o ke ao nei. lilo Leatherworkers maikaʻi loa nā kamaʻa puki, mau hipuu, lio mea kaua, a me nā hana ulana, mai ka thinnest ili holehole mai ai, nā keʻa. Ka mea, ua kaulana potera, blacksmiths, kamana, pena.

Kūʻai? Eou e noho ana i loko o ka palapala o ke alanui i holo mai o ka muliwai, kela mea keia mea i kona inoa iho. Ke kikowaena moʻo o Volkhov hele a puni ka Market Place, a na welau kokoke i ka Kelemānia Aha. Pōʻeleʻele loa ke aupuni 'ma luna o ia mea i ka loa' ihiʻihi i loko o ka lāhui kanaka kikowaena ikona alanui i kapaia ka Nui, a ma ka helu mahina buke i haawi mai ai kekahi mau inoa - mercenary, Sourozh hou.

E hoʻomaka ana mai o ka 17th kenekulia, he kuai kahiko hoohuliia i Gostiny Dvor, a koe no laila, a hiki i ka hapalua like-20th kenekulia. I ka 1771 no ka Empress Ana II a me nā lālā o ka 'aha hoʻokolokolo no kekahi pono ana, ka mea i kūkulu "apuni ka Palace", hiki oluolu kahi e hoʻonānea, aʻohi i ka ikaika no ka hou hele ana ma na aouli o Rusia.

wikiwiki e neʻe aku

Ma hope o ke Kaua Honua II kuhikuhipuʻuone Ensemble o Yaroslav ka Aha, a me nā aiao? Oi? Ia i loko o maikai ke ano. Luku, ua i noho pilikia, a me ka nui hiki ke loaʻa hou me ka iki hana. Unique Arcade o Gostiny Dvor ua kōna, a malaila i shelling i loko o kekahi apana, e like me ia ma ka manawa o kona kūkulu. Akā, ke hoʻopakele ninau aku i ke kulanakauhale, a ma ka makahiki 1945, na Aupuni hoʻoholo i ke hoʻokō 'disassembly o ka holoʻokoʻa mōʻaukala luna'.

Hana koke ka hoʻomaka 'ana i ka makahiki 1947, a hoomau iho la oia a hiki i 1953, ka wā i loko o ke kaʻina hana o ka hehi Halau o Sciences. Ma o ka hana o nā kānakaʻepekema, moʻolelo, a me ka pau I. E. Grabarya, i ka make ana o ka wa kahiko kia i ke ahulau. Ke kaʻina ua i hoʻokēʻai, a me wale i ka makahiki 1956, ua hiki i ka Loiloi i ka pālākiō o ka poho.

Ma lalo o moku'āina hoomalu ana

Ua Ua loa wāwahi Gostiny Dvor ikona Arcade ua aia ia ke alanui ma May 1, a me wale i ka hapa uuku wale no o ka Arcade koe kōna. Waiho wale aku no a kahiko luakini - no? Ieoaeunoai e lako haʻalele bele halekiai pōhaku lepo Chapel o ka mea mahuʻi Church, a me ka ekalesia o George no ka kuai.

Ma hope o ka hooia ia, hoomaka ae la hulikoehana hanaʻeliʻana, i i hōʻike ma kekahi mau papa o ka laau, na alahaka i loko o kekahi makahiki, ma waena o St. Rotehama Hale Pule Nui, a me ka ekalesia o St. Paraskeva Friday i ike mea papa hele, mai o nā iwi o nā holoholona.

Ke koena kia hoʻomanaʻo i mea he nui moʻomeheu waiwai a me ka mōʻaukala hooilina. I kēia lā, ka mea i ma lalo o ka malu o ka Moku'āina, a me ka hoʻonohonoho 'hoʻolālā o UNESCO. No kela a me keia o na kia hoʻomanaʻo i hou ike, a me ka hanaʻeliʻana lawe mai kēlā manawa i hou mea no ka noiʻi a me ka mahele.

Hale Pule Nui ma Monomakh

Ka hiapo attraction Veliky Novgorod - Yaroslav Mound, kahi o ka ekalesia mua ia i ka Prince Mstislav, ka hiapo o nā keiki kāne Vladimira Monomaha. Church ola mai a hiki i kēia lā, a uaʻikeʻia me St. Rotehama a me St. Rotehama Hale Pule Nui Dvorischenskogo. Kona kūkulu 'ole i ka haku ma ka inoa o Petero. Ua Ua manaoio aku ia ia i ka mua Lūkini kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone, nona ka inoa i komo i loko o ka mooolelo.

Ka Hale Pule Nui Ua kukulu hou ia kekahi mau manawa ma luna o nā kenekulia o kona ola, akā, na haku i mau hahai ma hope o ka elemakule kumu, i manao ole i ka hoʻolauna AND HOU i loko o ke kinona o ka hale. I ka ekalesia i kukuluia e like me ka mea like o ka luakini o Sofia, i pau i ka hana i loko o 1113, akā, i hoʻolaʻa ia mau makahiki ma hope. I ka mea kahiko kuai aku i ia manawa ka mea, ua i ka hale mua i kūkulu o ka pohaku.

Ka luakini o like ekolu apses, hooleiia me elima gula Dome o ka mokuna i hookomo i ka mana o ke aliʻi. Hale Pule Nui subordinate ka luna, piliwaiwai i ka noho aliʻi o Bishop o Novgorod. E like me kaʻoihana, i nā moʻolelo, ka luakini, ua wela i ka liʻiliʻi umikumamalua manawa a me ka manawa a ola ae la ia. Mai ke kenekulia 13th kokoke i ka pā hele keena. Ma ka 17th kenekulia hale ma ke alo o ka Hale Pule Nui i hoʻonaniʻia me ka hexagonal bele hale kiai, i ka mea e ae, ka poe hui i ka paia o ka hale Nikolsky Hale Pule Nui e pili ana i ka 19th kenekulia.

I loko o ka? Aieao o ka paio ku e hoomana, i ka 30-ies i ka ekalesia i paa. Ma ka pōkole wā mai ka makahiki 1945 a hiki i 1962, St. Rotehama Hale Pule Nui ua pono. Ma hope o ka mea e hiki mai ana panina ia waiho i exposition o ka Novgorod iau hoʻolaʻa i ka 'epekema atheism. Ke Dome Ua kūkulu kulanakauhale planetarium. Hoʻololi i ka hoʻokele waiwai 'ole i malama ia ma ka hoʻomaka' ana o ka hoihoi hou ia hana, a ua hoomakaukau hoʻolako 'ia o ia no ka New Hanseatic o Oʻahu.

luakini? ieoaeunoai

Yaroslav ka Aha ma Novgorod makeʻe i kekahi mau kahiko luakini. Church o ka mea mahuʻi Ua waiho ma ka hoomanao ana i ka Novgorod koa i make i loko o ka pomaikai ole oe kai eʻe ma Suzdal. Ke initiator o ka luakini ua punahele Prince Vsevolod, ua pau i ka hana i loko o 1144. Novgorod malamaia ka hoomanao ana o ka poe make, hoihoi hou ana i ka luakini ma hope o na ahi lehulehu, a haawi aku la ia ia i ka lua o ka inoa - ". Mea mahuʻi o ke kao umiumi" Keia inoa ua pili i ke koke o ka ekalesia a me ka wahi kahi e piele lākou i alakaʻi kao, lio, a me nā Style.

Next i ka ekalesia o ka mea mahuʻi he mea kekahi ekalesia, aole imi ma ka mare kaikamahine i hele mai i Novgorod. Yaroslav ka Aha e nani ai kā i ka ekalesia o ke St. Paraskeva-Poalima, o ka a kuhikuhipuʻuone mea me ka nui loa okoa mai nā heiau. Saint Paraskeva-Friday kai pōmaikaʻi i kālepa mea. Ua kukulu ia ka mua laau ekalesia i ka 1156, he kenekulia ma ke kahua o ka wela kūkulu huakaʻi i ke kai poe kuai i kau aku i ka ekalesia pohaku.

Ua hōʻike 15 hihia o ke ahi, ma hope i ka mea hou akahele Ilamuku. Makamua kuhikuhipuʻuone wehe i loko o ka mua kia-kaua a hoihoi hou ana. Ma ka papa o ka puna, e hoʻomaʻemaʻe masonry, ka launa pū hoʻi i ka 13-14 kenekulia, a noho ma ka cupola o ka ekalesia, mai ka 18th kenekulia. Na kanaka o St. Paraskeva-Friday luakini i loihi, ua kapaia ka ekalesia "ma ka hoʻokahi haneri a me kanahiku kihi", a hoʻopili like i ka aku o ka lanakila. Ua ua manaoio ia ina e hele kekahi i mare kaikamahine ia a puni i ka p ÷ ai ekolu mau manawa, oe, e oiaio no koke mai e mare.

Kau waihona syrkovoy

I ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o Moscow ka kaulana inoa o ka poʻe kālepa syrkovoy - Ivan Syrkov, i hanau mai ai au, a loaa kapikala no, e olelo oe (Veliky Novgorod). Yaroslav ka Aha i kona pili i ka uhukiia ma ka 1510 lāʻau ekalesia Myrrhbearers. Ma hope o ka nui ahi i mai ai ma 1541 ma ka paena o ka mōhai hale kukulu ia i ka ekalesia pohaku. Ma ka moolelo hoi o ka Moscow ekalesia i hoonohoia ma ka pōhaku hale ilalo, ma na loina waiho i loko o ka Novgorod ekalesia i kukulu ole ia mau hale ahu.

Ka mua luakini me ka nui hale ilalo palaoa i ka ekalesia Myrrhbearers, e like me kekahi hoike Ivan Grozny mālama malaila no kekahi manawa hapa o kona waihona waiwai. Ma na aoao elua, ua lāʻau alapii, hoonohonoho ia i kēlā me kēia hale kia no ka uka palaoa o ka hale. ¶ A i ka lua o ka papahele, he mea he Children ka Nohona Kanaka Center.

Komikina'Āina e Dmitriya Syrkova i ka 1529 ma ka Yaroslav ka Aha kūkulu he uuku ekalesia Procopius kiekie o ekolu yoa? Iiai. Ka mua elua o ia - he'ōpao, a me ka hale ilalo kiʻekiʻe. Ka hale kuhikuhipuʻuone i 'ole e Moscow, a Pskov kuhikuhipuʻuone kuʻuna Hawaiʻi ka hoike ana ma ka keeled hoaka, hoʻonaniʻia i ka mea helehelena o ka ekalesia.

puka hale kiai

Over nā kenekulia o kona ola, he nui aeiino? Oeoey ike Yaroslav ka Aha (Veliky Novgorod). History puka Tower pili ia i ka manawa ia Petero I kauoha aku e waiho i ka Gostiny Dvor. Kona poʻe e uhau ana i loko o ka 17th kenekulia lilo Semen Efimov a me Guri Vakhromeev. Ipuka hale kiai i kekahi hapa o ka luna 'nui. He He-yoa? Iiai i ekolu hale, mahele ae la ia ma ka waena o nā ākea Hotele hoaka, ua hipped ka hale hale 'ole ma kaʻaoʻao hema ka mea, adjoins ka bele halekiai e no a hiki i ka nalowale luakini i mua.

No ka lōʻihi manawa ia i noʻonoʻo vechevoj puka hale kiai, akā, ua hōʻoleʻia kāna haʻawina i kēia koʻikoʻi lono. Ka hale neo? Aaiiai? Keʻano o ka hoʻonohonohoʻia, mai ka orphanage a hiki i ka Archive, a me keia la i wiwoʻole hana o no oe i hana mai i loko o keʻano hana o ke akamai o ka hoolei ana i ke hooheheeia.

Nui o ka ohi ua hōʻike ekalesia oihana a pau a me ka cult kailaʻae. Aia kū ma ka halelewa, Keʻa, reliquaries, ekalesia mau ipu, icons, huahana haku o ka Old manaoio hoomana, a mea 'ē aʻe. Ka puka hale kiai kuni ihola ia i ka nana ana i paepae, a kaumaha i ka nani nānaina o kaʻaoʻao Sofia o ke kulanakauhale.

helu

He nui iauaeoia oo? Ecia makemake i ka Great Novgorod e kipa. Yaroslav ka Aha, a me Detinets, nō ka loa kipa wahi. Ma ka palena o ka Ensemble ka Aha i nă palapala, a hoola mai oi ma mua o umi kahiko kuhikuhipuʻuone hale.

Ma ka kūāhewa o ka luna ', eia na hoailona o nā mōʻaukala. Kia i ka heroism o Soviet koa immortalized i ka mōʻaukala o ka Nui Patriotic War. Ke kia hoʻomanaʻo i nā kaʻao ano Sadko i pili hana iauaeoia oo? Ecia. E hoailona i ka hoihoi hou ia ana o ka Hanseatic ke Kuʻikahi o ka poʻe kālepa a me ka wale nô i loko o ia Novgorod, ka luna 'i ka 2009, he mea hoomanao hoailona.

Yaroslav ka Aha (Veliky Novgorod) i ka i kēia helu wahi: St. Rotehama Street, Building 3B (pāʻoihanaʻaoʻao).